0000104889-23-000021 | 10-K | XBRL Viewer

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Cover Page - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Cover Page - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022	Feb. 17, 2023	Jun. 30, 2022
Document Type	10-K
Document Annual Report	true
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2022
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-06714
Entity Registrant Name	Graham Holdings Co
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	53-0182885
Entity Address, Address Line One	1300 North 17th Street
Entity Address, City or Town	Arlington
Entity Address, State or Province	VA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	22209
City Area Code	703
Local Phone Number	345-6300
Title of 12(b) Security	Class B Common Stock, par value$1.00 per share
Trading Symbol	GHC
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	true
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 2,200,000,000
Documents Incorporated by Reference [Text Block]	Documents partially incorporated by reference: Definitive Proxy Statement for the registrant’s 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (incorporated in Part III to the extent provided in Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 hereof).
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2022
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Entity Central Index Key	0000104889
Class A Common Stock [Member]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		964,001
Class B Common Stock [Member]
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding (in shares)		3,827,123

Audit Information	12 Months Ended
Audit Information	Dec. 31, 2022
Audit Information [Abstract]
Auditor Firm ID	238
Auditor Name	PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Auditor Location	Washington, District of Columbia

Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Operating Revenues
Operating Revenues	$ 3,924,493	$ 3,185,974	$ 2,889,121
Operating Costs and Expenses
Selling, general and administrative	921,739	831,853	715,401
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment	73,297	71,415	74,257
Amortization of intangible assets	58,851	57,870	56,780
Impairment of goodwill and other long-lived assets	128,990	32,940	30,170
Total Operating Costs and Expenses	3,840,595	3,108,599	2,788,714
Income from Operations	83,898	77,375	100,407
Equity in (losses) earnings of affiliates, net	(2,837)	17,914	6,664
Interest income	3,226	3,409	3,871
Interest expense	(54,403)	(33,943)	(38,310)
Non-operating pension and postretirement benefit income, net	197,939	109,230	59,315
(Loss) gain on marketable equity securities, net	(139,589)	243,088	60,787
Other income, net	33,500	32,554	214,534
Income Before Income Taxes	121,734	449,627	407,268
Provision for Income Taxes	51,300	96,300	107,300
Net Income	70,434	353,327	299,968
Net (Income) Loss Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests	(3,355)	(1,252)	397
Net Income Attributable to Graham Holdings Company Common Stockholders	$ 67,079	$ 352,075	$ 300,365
Per Share Information Attributable to Graham Holdings Company Common Stockholders
Basic net income per common share (in USD per share)	$ 13.83	$ 70.65	$ 58.30
Basic average number of common shares outstanding (in shares)	4,823	4,951	5,124
Diluted net income per common share (in USD per share)	$ 13.79	$ 70.45	$ 58.13
Diluted average number of common shares outstanding (in shares)	4,836	4,965	5,139
Services [Member]
Operating Revenues
Operating Revenues	$ 2,328,869	$ 2,089,800	$ 2,056,228
Operating Costs and Expenses
Cost of services and goods	1,346,519	1,243,384	1,239,241
Goods [Member]
Operating Revenues
Operating Revenues	1,595,624	1,096,174	832,893
Operating Costs and Expenses
Cost of services and goods	$ 1,311,199	$ 871,137	$ 672,865

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net Income	$ 70,434	$ 353,327	$ 299,968
Foreign currency translation adjustments:
Total foreign currency translation adjustments	(48,340)	(16,052)	31,642
Pension and other postretirement plans:
Actuarial (loss) gain	(727,097)	519,595	365,164
Prior service cost	0	(2)	(69)
Amortization of net actuarial (gain) loss included in net income	(70,833)	(5,486)	1,219
Amortization of net prior service cost included in net income	2,864	3,170	2,680
Settlement included in net income	0	(120)	0
Total pension and other postretirement plans	(795,066)	517,157	368,994
Cash flow hedges gain (loss)	4,765	349	(1,282)
Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income, Before Tax	(838,641)	501,454	399,354
Income tax benefit (expense) related to items of other comprehensive (loss) income	203,404	(133,380)	(99,335)
Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income, Net of Tax	(635,237)	368,074	300,019
Comprehensive (Loss) Income	(564,803)	721,401	599,987
Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	(3,355)	(1,252)	397
Total Comprehensive (Loss) Income Attributable to Graham Holdings Company	$ (568,158)	$ 720,149	$ 600,384

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 169,319	$ 145,886
Restricted cash	20,467	12,175
Investments in marketable equity securities and other investments	622,408	824,445
Accounts receivable, net	560,779	607,471
Inventories and contracts in progress	226,811	141,471
Prepaid expenses	97,450	81,741
Income taxes receivable	9,313	32,744
Other current assets	1,547	1,241
Total Current Assets	1,708,094	1,847,174
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net	503,000	468,126
Lease Right-of-Use Assets	429,403	437,969
Investments in Affiliates	186,419	155,444
Goodwill, Net	1,560,953	1,649,582
Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets	178,934	142,180
Amortized Intangible Assets, Net	161,422	247,120
Prepaid Pension Cost	1,658,046	2,306,514
Deferred Income Taxes	6,812	7,900
Deferred Charges and Other Assets (includes $646 and $782 of restricted cash)	189,132	163,516
Total Assets	6,582,215	7,425,525
Current Liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	563,005	583,629
Deferred revenue	381,416	358,720
Income taxes payable	3,766	4,585
Current portion of lease liabilities	70,007	77,655
Current portion of long-term debt	155,813	141,749
Total Current Liabilities	1,174,007	1,166,338
Accrued Compensation and Related Benefits	134,921	175,391
Other Liabilities	37,506	36,497
Deferred Income Taxes	466,275	676,706
Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest	30,845	13,661
Lease Liabilities	393,626	405,200
Long-Term Debt	570,547	525,752
Total Liabilities	2,807,727	2,999,545
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 18)
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests	21,827	14,311
Preferred Stock, $1 par value; 977,000 shares authorized, none issued	0	0
Common Stockholders’ Equity
Capital in excess of par value	390,438	389,456
Retained earnings	7,163,128	7,126,761
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of taxes
Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment	(54,638)	(6,298)
Unrealized gain on pensions and other postretirement plans	388,591	979,157
Cash flow hedges	2,198	(1,471)
Cost of 15,213,398 and 15,093,934 shares of Class B common stock held in treasury	(4,178,334)	(4,108,022)
Total Common Stockholders’ Equity	3,731,383	4,399,583
Noncontrolling Interests	21,278	12,086
Total Equity	3,752,661	4,411,669
Total Liabilities and Equity	6,582,215	7,425,525
Class A Common Stock [Member]
Common Stockholders’ Equity
Common stock	964	964
Class B Common Stock [Member]
Common Stockholders’ Equity
Common stock	$ 19,036	$ 19,036

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parentheticals) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Restricted Cash, Noncurrent	$ 646	$ 782
Preferred Stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share	$ 1	$ 1
Preferred Stock, Shares Authorized	977,000	977,000
Preferred Stock, Shares Issued	0	0
Class A Common Stock [Member]
Common Stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share	$ 1	$ 1
Common Stock, Shares Authorized	7,000,000	7,000,000
Common Stock, Shares, Issued	964,001	964,001
Common Stock, Shares, Outstanding	964,001	964,001
Class B Common Stock [Member]
Common Stock, Par or Stated Value Per Share	$ 1	$ 1
Common Stock, Shares Authorized	40,000,000	40,000,000
Common Stock, Shares, Issued	19,035,999	19,035,999
Common Stock, Shares, Outstanding	3,822,601	3,942,065
Treasury Stock, Shares	15,213,398	15,093,934

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net Income	$ 70,434	$ 353,327	$ 299,968
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation, amortization and goodwill and other long-lived asset impairment	261,138	162,225	161,207
Amortization of lease right-of-use asset	67,568	73,752	89,956
Net pension benefit and special separation benefit expense	(166,611)	(91,898)	(41,573)
Loss (gain) on marketable equity securities and cost method investments, net	134,011	(254,844)	(57,669)
Credit loss expense and provision for other receivables	2,958	6,824	10,667
Stock-based compensation expense, net of forfeitures	6,121	5,659	6,348
Contingent consideration fair value measurements and accretion	(5,105)	(4,207)	2,895
Foreign exchange loss	2,023	179	2,153
Gain on disposition and write-downs of businesses, property, plant and equipment, investments and other assets, net	(24,220)	(8,554)	(214,926)
Equity in earnings of affiliates, net of distributions	13,503	4,917	6,592
(Benefit from) provision for deferred income taxes	(3,844)	65,046	14,377
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	41,635	(59,292)	61,328
Inventories	(64,324)	4,551	3,786
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	(44,870)	32,397	(32,714)
Deferred revenue	33,384	19,086	(25,728)
Income taxes receivable/payable	6,766	(8,689)	3,310
Lease liabilities	(78,471)	(85,147)	(91,478)
Other assets and other liabilities, net	(21,275)	(14,144)	11,735
Other	4,783	1,238	429
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities	235,604	202,426	210,663
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Investments in certain businesses, net of cash acquired	(130,106)	(351,882)	(20,080)
Proceeds from sales of marketable equity securities	102,040	65,499	93,775
Purchases of property, plant and equipment	(82,684)	(162,537)	(69,591)
Purchases of marketable equity securities	(40,518)	(48,036)	(20,004)
Investments in equity affiliates, cost method and other investments	(38,894)	(8,531)	(12,367)
Net proceeds from sales of businesses, property, plant and equipment and other assets	5,057	10,295	225,570
Other	1,039	557	2,068
Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Investing Activities	(184,066)	(494,635)	199,371
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Issuance of borrowings	77,299	70,184	2,084
Common shares repurchased	(71,386)	(55,683)	(161,829)
Dividends paid	(30,712)	(30,136)	(29,970)
Net proceeds from (repayments of) vehicle floor plan payable	26,230	(10,563)	(14,160)
Repayments of borrowings	(14,484)	(49,645)	(83,360)
Deferred payments of acquisitions	(5,731)	(30,866)	(19,348)
(Repayments of) proceeds from bank overdrafts	(5,060)	3,410	1,636
Issuance of noncontrolling interest	4,918	3,777	0
Proceeds from sale of noncontrolling interest	3,200	0	0
Net borrowings under revolving credit facilities	3,000	134,696	76,241
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	1,817	0	25,129
Purchase of noncontrolling interest	(1,200)	(3,508)	0
Other	(5,998)	(639)	(425)
Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Financing Activities	(18,107)	31,027	(204,002)
Effect of Currency Exchange Rate Change	(1,842)	(3,029)	2,978
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash	31,589	(264,211)	209,010
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash at Beginning of Year	158,843	423,054	214,044
Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash at End of Year	190,432	158,843	423,054
Cash paid during the year for:
Income taxes	48,000	39,000	91,000
Interest	$ 37,000	$ 30,000	$ 31,000

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Common Shareholders' Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Capital in Excess of Par Value [Member]	Retained Earnings [Member]	AOCI Attributable to Parent [Member]	Treasury Stock [Member]	Noncontrolling Interest [Member]	Class A Common Stock [Member] Common Stock [Member]	Class B Common Stock [Member] Common Stock [Member]
As of at Dec. 31, 2019	$ 3,326,796	$ 381,669	$ 6,534,427	$ 303,295	$ (3,920,152)	$ 7,557	$ 964	$ 19,036
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income for the year	299,968		299,968
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest	0		386			(386)
Acquisition of redeemable noncontrolling interest	0
Net Loss Attributable to Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest	11		11
Change in redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests	273					273
Distribution to noncontrolling interest	(353)					(353)
Dividends paid on common stock	(29,970)		(29,970)
Repurchase of Class B common stock	(161,829)				(161,829)
Issuance of Class B common stock, net of restricted stock award forfeitures	24,577	(411)			24,988
Amortization of unearned stock compensation and stock option expense	6,901	6,901
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes	300,019			300,019
As of at Dec. 31, 2020	3,766,393	388,159	6,804,822	603,314	(4,056,993)	7,091	964	19,036
As of at Dec. 31, 2019	5,655
Increase (Decrease) in Temporary Equity [Roll Forward]
Acquisition of redeemable noncontrolling interest	6,005
Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests	(11)
Change in redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests	279
As of at Dec. 31, 2020	11,928
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income for the year	353,327		353,327
Issuance of noncontrolling interest	3,350					3,350
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest	0		(1,943)			1,943
Acquisition of redeemable noncontrolling interest	0
Net Loss Attributable to Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest	691		691
Change in redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests	549	292				257
Distribution to noncontrolling interest	(555)					(555)
Dividends paid on common stock	(30,136)		(30,136)
Repurchase of Class B common stock	(55,683)				(55,683)
Issuance of Class B common stock, net of restricted stock award forfeitures	(939)	(5,593)			4,654
Amortization of unearned stock compensation and stock option expense	6,598	6,598
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes	368,074			368,074
Purchase of redeemable noncontrolling interest	0
As of at Dec. 31, 2021	4,411,669	389,456	7,126,761	971,388	(4,108,022)	12,086	964	19,036
Increase (Decrease) in Temporary Equity [Roll Forward]
Acquisition of redeemable noncontrolling interest	6,617
Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests	(691)
Change in redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests	(35)
Purchase of redeemable noncontrolling interest	(3,508)
As of at Dec. 31, 2021	14,311
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income for the year	70,434		70,434
Issuance of noncontrolling interest	3,900					3,900
Acquisition of noncontrolling interest	512					512
Sale of equity in subsidiary	3,200	146				3,054
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest	0		(3,384)			3,384
Acquisition of redeemable noncontrolling interest	0
Net Loss Attributable to Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest	29		29
Change in redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests	(5,780)	(6,027)				247
Distribution to noncontrolling interest	(1,905)					(1,905)
Dividends paid on common stock	(30,712)		(30,712)
Repurchase of Class B common stock	(71,386)				(71,386)
Issuance of Class B common stock, net of restricted stock award forfeitures	341	(733)			1,074
Amortization of unearned stock compensation and stock option expense	7,596	7,596
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes	(635,237)			(635,237)
Purchase of redeemable noncontrolling interest	0
As of at Dec. 31, 2022	3,752,661	$ 390,438	$ 7,163,128	$ 336,151	$ (4,178,334)	$ 21,278	$ 964	$ 19,036
Increase (Decrease) in Temporary Equity [Roll Forward]
Noncontrolling interest capital contributions	1,050
Acquisition of redeemable noncontrolling interest	2,164
Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests	(29)
Change in redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests	6,281
Distribution to noncontrolling interests	(750)
Purchase of redeemable noncontrolling interest	(1,200)
As of at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 21,827

Organization and Nature of Operations	12 Months Ended
Organization and Nature of Operations	Dec. 31, 2022
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Organization and Nature of Operations	ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS Graham Holdings Company (the Company), is a diversified holding company. The Company’s Kaplan subsidiary provides a wide variety of educational services, both domestically and outside the United States (U.S.). The Company’s media operations comprise the ownership and operation of seven television broadcasting stations. Education—Kaplan, Inc. provides an extensive range of educational services for students and professionals. Kaplan’s various businesses comprise three categories: Kaplan International, Higher Education (KHE) and Supplemental Education. Media—The Company’s diversified media operations comprise television broadcasting, several websites and print publications, podcast content and a marketing solutions provider. Television broadcasting. As of December 31, 2022, the Company owned seven television stations located in Houston, TX; Detroit, MI; Orlando, FL; San Antonio, TX; Roanoke, VA; and two stations in Jacksonville, FL. All stations are network-affiliated except for WJXT in Jacksonville, FL. Manufacturing—The Company’s manufacturing businesses include Hoover, Dekko, Joyce/Dayton and Forney. Other—The Company’s other business operations include automotive dealerships, restaurants and entertainment venues, consumer internet brands, custom framing services and home health and hospice services.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	Dec. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies	2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation. The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) in the U.S. and include the assets, liabilities, results of operations and cash flows of the Company and its majority-owned and controlled subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements. Management bases its estimates and assumptions on historical experience and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results reported in future periods may be affected by changes in those estimates. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions. Business Combinations. The purchase price of an acquisition is allocated to the assets acquired, including intangible assets, and liabilities assumed, based on their respective fair values at the acquisition date. Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred. The excess of the cost of an acquired entity over the net of the amounts assigned to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recognized as goodwill. The net assets and results of operations of an acquired entity are included in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements from the acquisition date. Cash and Cash Equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand, short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less and investments in money market funds with weighted average maturities of three months or less. Restricted Cash. Restricted cash represents amounts required to be held by non-U.S. higher education institutions for prepaid tuition pursuant to foreign government regulations. These regulations stipulate that the Company has a fiduciary responsibility to segregate certain funds to ensure these funds are only used for the benefit of eligible students. Concentration of Credit Risk. Cash and cash equivalents are maintained with several financial institutions domestically and internationally. Deposits held with banks may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits. Generally, these deposits may be redeemed upon demand and are maintained with financial institutions with investment-grade credit ratings. The Company routinely assesses the financial strength of significant customers, and this assessment, combined with the large number and geographical diversity of its customers, limits the Company’s concentration of risk with respect to receivables from contracts with customers. Allowance for Credit Losses. Accounts receivable have been reduced by an allowance that reflects the current expected credit losses associated with the receivables. The current expected credit losses are estimated based on historical write-offs, current macroeconomic conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions. Reserves are also established against specific receivables based on aging category, historical collection experience and management’s evaluation of the financial condition of the customer. The Company generally considers an account past due or delinquent when a student or customer misses a scheduled payment. The Company writes off accounts receivable balances deemed uncollectible against the allowance for credit losses following the passage of a certain period of time, or generally when the account is turned over for collection to an outside collection agency. Investments in Equity Securities. The Company measures its investments in equity securities at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in earnings. The Company elected the measurement alternative to measure cost method investments that do not have readily determinable fair value at cost less impairment, adjusted by observable price changes with any fair value changes recognized in earnings. If the fair value of a cost method investment declines below its cost basis and the decline is considered other than temporary, the Company will record a write-down, which is included in earnings. The Company uses the average cost method to determine the basis of the securities sold. Fair Value Measurements. Fair value measurements are determined based on the assumptions that a market participant would use in pricing an asset or liability based on a three-tiered hierarchy that draws a distinction between market participant assumptions based on (i) observable inputs, such as quoted prices in active markets (Level 1); (ii) inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly (Level 2); and (iii) unobservable inputs that require the Company to use present value and other valuation techniques in the determination of fair value (Level 3). Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measure. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurements requires judgment and may affect the valuation of the assets and liabilities being measured and their placement within the fair value hierarchy. For assets that are measured using quoted prices in active markets, the total fair value is the published market price per unit multiplied by the number of units held, without consideration of transaction costs. Assets and liabilities that are measured using significant other observable inputs are primarily valued by reference to quoted prices of similar assets or liabilities in active markets, adjusted for any terms specific to that asset or liability. The Company measures certain assets—including goodwill; intangible assets; property, plant and equipment; lease right-of-use assets; cost and equity-method investments—at fair value on a nonrecurring basis when they are deemed to be impaired. The fair value of these assets is determined with valuation techniques using the best information available and may include quoted market prices, market comparables and discounted cash flow models. Fair Value of Financial Instruments. The carrying amounts reported in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements for cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, the current portion of deferred revenue and the current portion of debt approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of these financial instruments. The fair value of long-term debt is determined based on a number of observable inputs, including the current market activity of the Company’s publicly traded notes, trends in investor demands and market values of comparable publicly traded debt. The fair value of interest rate hedges are determined based on a number of observable inputs, including time to maturity and market interest rates. Inventories and Contracts in Progress. Inventories and contracts in progress are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable values and are based on the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. Inventory costs include direct material, direct and indirect labor, and applicable manufacturing overhead. The Company allocates manufacturing overhead based on normal production capacity and recognizes unabsorbed manufacturing costs in earnings. The provision for excess and obsolete inventory is based on management’s evaluation of inventories on hand relative to historical usage, estimated future usage and technological developments. Vehicle inventory is based on the specific identification method. The cost of new and used vehicle inventories includes the cost of any equipment added, reconditioning and transportation. In certain instances, vehicle manufacturers provide incentives which are reflected as a reduction in the carrying value of each vehicle purchased. Property, Plant and Equipment. Property, plant and equipment is recorded at cost and includes interest capitalized in connection with major long-term construction projects. Replacements and major improvements are capitalized; maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the property, plant and equipment: 3 to 20 years for machinery and equipment; 20 to 50 years for buildings. The costs of leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of their useful lives or the terms of the respective leases. Evaluation of Long-Lived Assets. The recoverability of long-lived assets and finite-lived intangible assets is assessed whenever adverse events or changes in circumstances indicate that recorded values may not be recoverable. A long-lived asset is considered to not be recoverable when the undiscounted estimated future cash flows are less than the asset’s recorded value. An impairment charge is measured based on estimated fair market value, determined primarily using estimated future cash flows on a discounted basis. Losses on long-lived assets to be disposed of are determined in a similar manner, but the fair market value would be reduced for estimated costs to dispose. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. Goodwill is the excess of purchase price over the fair value of identified net assets of businesses acquired. The Company’s intangible assets with an indefinite life are principally from trade names and trademarks, franchise agreements and Federal Communications Commission (FCC) licenses. Amortized intangible assets are primarily student and customer relationships and trade names and trademarks, with amortization periods up to 15 years. Costs associated with renewing or extending intangible assets are insignificant and expensed as incurred. The Company reviews goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets at least annually, as of November 30, for possible impairment. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are reviewed for possible impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit or indefinite-lived intangible asset below its carrying value. The Company tests its goodwill at the reporting unit level, which is an operating segment or one level below an operating segment. The Company initially assesses qualitative factors to determine if it is necessary to perform the goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible asset quantitative impairment review. The Company reviews the goodwill and indefinite-lived assets for impairment using the quantitative process if, based on its assessment of the qualitative factors, it determines that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit or indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than its carrying value, or if it decides to bypass the qualitative assessment. The Company uses a discounted cash flow model, and, where appropriate, a market value approach is also utilized to supplement the discounted cash flow model, to determine the estimated fair value of its reporting units and indefinite-lived intangible assets. The Company makes assumptions regarding estimated future cash flows, discount rates, long-term growth rates and market values to determine the estimated fair value of each reporting unit and indefinite-lived intangible asset. If these estimates or related assumptions change in the future, the Company may be required to record impairment charges. Investments in Affiliates. The Company uses the equity method of accounting for its investments in and earnings or losses of affiliates that it does not control, but over which it exerts significant influence. Significant influence is generally deemed to exist if the Company has an ownership interest in the voting stock of an investee between 20% and 50%. The Company also uses the equity method of accounting for its investments in a partnership or limited liability company with specific ownership accounts, if the Company has an ownership interest of 3% or more. The Company considers whether the fair values of any of its equity method investments have declined below their carrying values whenever adverse events or changes in circumstances indicate that recorded values may not be recoverable. If the Company considered any such decline to be other than temporary (based on various factors, including historical financial results, product development activities and the overall health of the affiliate’s industry), a write-down would be recorded to estimated fair value. The Company records its share of the earnings or losses of its affiliates from their most recent available financial statements. In some instances, the reporting period of the affiliates’ financial statements lag the Company’s reporting period, but such lag is never more than three months. Revenue Recognition. The Company identifies a contract for revenue recognition when there is approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties and payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and the collectability of consideration is probable. The Company evaluates each contract to determine the number of distinct performance obligations in the contract, which requires the use of judgment. Education Revenue. Education revenue is primarily derived from postsecondary education and supplementary education services provided both domestically and abroad. Generally, tuition and other fees are paid upfront and recorded in deferred revenue in advance of the date when education services are provided to the student. In some instances, installment billing is available to students, which reduces the amount of cash consideration received in advance of performing the service. The contractual terms and conditions associated with installment billing indicate that the student is liable for the total contract price; therefore, mitigating the Company’s exposure to losses associated with nonpayment. The Company determined the installment billing does not represent a significant financing component. Kaplan International. Kaplan International provides higher education, professional education, and test preparation services and materials to students primarily in the United Kingdom (U.K.), Singapore, and Australia. Some Kaplan International contracts consist of one performance obligation that is a combination of indistinct promises to the student, while other Kaplan International contracts include multiple performance obligations as the promises in the contract are capable of being both distinct and distinct within the context of the contract. One Kaplan International business offers an option whereby students receive future services at a discount that is accounted for as a material right. The transaction price is stated in the contract and known at the time of contract inception; therefore, no variable consideration exists. Revenue is allocated to each performance obligation based on its standalone selling price. Any discounts within the contract are allocated across all performance obligations unless observable evidence exists that the discount relates to a specific performance obligation or obligations in the contract. Kaplan International generally determines standalone selling prices based on prices charged to students. Revenue is recognized ratably over the instruction period or access period for higher education, professional education and test preparation services. Kaplan International generally uses the time elapsed method, an input measure, as it best depicts the simultaneous consumption and delivery of these services. Course materials determined to be a separate performance obligation are recognized at the point in time when control transfers to the student, generally when the products are delivered to the student. One Kaplan International business has a contract with a customer consisting of two performance obligations which consisted entirely of variable consideration at contract inception. The Company allocates revenue to each performance obligation based on the expected cost plus a margin. The margin was determined by a market assessment performed at contract inception. Revenue is recognized over time, using an input method, as the customer simultaneously benefits from the services as delivery occurs. The Company records a contract asset associated with this Kaplan International contract as the right to revenue is dependent on something other than the passage of time. Kaplan Higher Education. KHE primarily provides non-academic operations support services to Purdue University Global (Purdue Global) pursuant to a Transition and Operations Support Agreement (TOSA). This contract has a 30-year term and consists of one performance obligation, which represents a series of daily promises to provide support services to Purdue Global. The transaction price is entirely made up of variable consideration related to the reimbursement of KHE support costs and the KHE fee. The TOSA outlines a payment structure, which dictates how cash will be distributed at the end of Purdue Global’s fiscal year, which is the 30th of June. The collectability of the KHE support costs and KHE fee is entirely dependent on the availability of cash at the end of the fiscal year. This variable consideration is constrained based on fiscal year forecasts prepared for Purdue Global. The forecasts are updated throughout the fiscal year until the uncertainty is ultimately resolved, which is at the end of each Purdue Global fiscal year. As KHE’s performance obligation is made up of a series, the variable consideration is allocated to the distinct service period to which it relates, which is the Purdue Global fiscal year. Support services revenue is recognized over time based on the expenses incurred to date and the percentage of expected reimbursement. KHE fee revenue is also recognized over time based on the amount of Purdue Global revenue recognized to date and the percentage of fee expected to be collected for the fiscal year. The Company used these input measures as Purdue Global simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits of the services provided by KHE. Kaplan Supplemental Education. Supplemental Education offers test preparation services and materials to students, as well as professional training and exam preparation for professional certifications and licensures to students. Generally, Supplemental Education contracts consist of multiple performance obligations as promises for these services are distinct within the context of the contract. The transaction price is stated in the contract and known at the time of contract inception, therefore no variable consideration exists. Revenue is allocated to each performance obligation based on its standalone selling price. Supplemental Education generally determines standalone selling prices based on the prices charged to students and professionals. Any discounts within the contract are allocated across all performance obligations unless observable evidence exists that the discount relates to a specific performance obligation in the contract. Supplemental Education services revenue is recognized ratably over the period of access to the education materials. An estimate of the average access period is developed for each course, and this estimate is evaluated on an ongoing basis and adjusted as necessary. The time elapsed method, an input measure, is used as it best depicts the simultaneous consumption and availability of access to the services. Revenue associated with distinct course materials is recognized at the point in time when control transfers to the student, generally when products are delivered to the student. Supplemental Education offers a guarantee on certain courses that gives students the ability to repeat a course if they are not satisfied with their exam score. The Company accounts for this guarantee as a separate performance obligation. Television Broadcasting Revenue. Television broadcasting revenue at Graham Media Group (GMG) is primarily comprised of television and internet advertising revenue, and retransmission revenue. Television Advertising Revenue. GMG accounts for the series of advertisements included in television advertising contracts as one performance obligation and recognizes advertising revenue over time. The Company elected the right to invoice practical expedient, an output method, as GMG has the right to consideration that equals the value provided to the customer for advertisements delivered to date. As a result of the election to use the right to invoice practical expedient, GMG does not determine the transaction price or allocate any variable consideration at contract inception. Rather, GMG recognizes revenue commensurate with the amount to which GMG has the right to invoice the customer. Payment is typically received in arrears within 60 days of revenue recognition. Retransmission Revenue. Retransmission revenue represents compensation paid by cable, satellite and other multichannel video programming distributors (MVPDs) to retransmit GMG’s stations’ broadcasts in their designated market areas. The retransmission rights granted to MVPDs are accounted for as a license of functional intellectual property as the retransmitted broadcast provides significant standalone functionality. As such, each retransmission contract with an MVPD includes one performance obligation for each station’s retransmission license. GMG recognizes revenue using the usage-based royalty method, in which revenue is recognized in the month the broadcast is retransmitted based on the number of MVPD subscribers and the applicable per user rate identified in the retransmission contract. Payment is typically received in arrears within 60 days of revenue recognition. Manufacturing Revenue. Manufacturing revenue consists primarily of product sales generated by four businesses: Hoover, Dekko, Joyce, and Forney. The Company has determined that each item ordered by the customer is a distinct performance obligation as it has standalone value and is distinct within the context of the contract. For arrangements with multiple performance obligations, the Company initially allocates the transaction price to each obligation based on its standalone selling price, which is the retail price charged to customers. Any discounts within the contract are allocated across all performance obligations unless observable evidence exists that the discount relates to a specific performance obligation or obligations in the contract. The Company sells some products and services with a right of return. This right of return constitutes variable consideration and is constrained from revenue recognition on a portfolio basis, using the expected value method until the refund period expires. The Company recognizes revenue when or as control transfers to the customer. Some manufacturing revenue is recognized ratably over the manufacturing period, if the product created for the customer does not have an alternative use to the Company and the Company has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date. The determination of the method by which the Company measures its progress toward the satisfaction of its performance obligations requires judgment. The Company measures its progress for these products using the units delivered method, an output measure. These arrangements represented 21%, 21%, and 23% of the manufacturing revenue recognized for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Other manufacturing revenue is recognized at the point in time when control transfers to the customer, generally when the products are shipped. Some customers have a bill and hold arrangement with the Company. Revenue for bill and hold arrangements is recognized when control transfers to the customer, even though the customer does not have physical possession of the goods. Control transfers when the bill-and-hold arrangement has been requested from the customer, the product is identified as belonging to the customer and is ready for physical transfer, and the product cannot be directed for use by anyone but the customer. Payment terms and conditions vary by contract, although terms generally include a requirement of payment within 90 days of delivery. The Company evaluated the terms of the warranties and guarantees offered by its manufacturing businesses and determined that these should not be accounted for as a separate performance obligation as a distinct service is not identified. Healthcare Revenue. The Company contracts with patients to provide home health or hospice services. Payment is typically received from third-party payors such as Medicare, Medicaid, and private insurers. The payor is a third party to the contract that stipulates the transaction price of the contract. The Company identifies the patient as the party who benefits from its healthcare services and as such, the patient is its customer. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services released a revised reimbursement structure under the Patient Driven Groupings Model (PDGM) for Medicare claims for home healthcare services effective for new and modified revenue contracts beginning on or after January 1, 2020. Home health services contracts generally have one performance obligation to provide home health services to patients. Under the PDGM model, the Company recognizes revenue using the right to invoice practical expedient, an output method, as the contractual right to revenue corresponds directly with the transfer of services to the patient. Given the election of the practical expedient, the Company does not determine the transaction price or allocate any variable consideration at contract inception. Rather, the Company recognizes revenue commensurate with the amount to which it has the right to invoice the customer, which is a function of the average length of stay within each of the two 30 day payment periods. Payment is typically received from Medicare within 30 days after a claim is filed. Medicare is the most common third-party payor for home health services. Home health revenue contracts may be modified to account for changes in the patient’s plan of care. The Company identifies contract modifications when the modification changes the existing enforceable rights and obligations. As modifications to the plan of care modify the original performance obligation, the Company accounts for the contract modification as an adjustment to revenue (either as an increase in or a reduction of revenue) on a cumulative catch-up basis. Hospice services contracts generally have one performance obligation to provide healthcare services to patients. The transaction price reflects the amount of revenue the Company expects to receive in exchange for providing these services. As the transaction price for healthcare services is known at the time of contract inception, no variable consideration exists. Hospice service revenue is recognized ratably over the period of care. The Company generally uses the time-elapsed method, an input measure as it best depicts the simultaneous delivery and consumption of healthcare services. Payment is received from third-party payors for hospice services within 60 days after a claim is filed, or in some cases in two installments, one during the contract and one after the services have been provided. Medicare is the most common third-party payor. Other Revenue. The Company recognizes revenue associated with management services it provides to its affiliates. The Company accounts for the management services provided as one performance obligation and recognizes revenue over time as the services are delivered. The Company uses the right to invoice practical expedient, an output method, as the Company’s right to revenue corresponds directly with the value delivered to the affiliate. As a result of the election to use the right to invoice practical expedient, the Company does not determine the transaction price or allocate any variable consideration at contract inception. Rather, the Company recognizes revenue commensurate with the amount to which it has the right to invoice the affiliate, which is based on contractually identified percentages. Payment is received monthly in arrears. Automotive Revenue. The automotive subsidiary generates revenue primarily through the sale of new and used vehicles, the arrangement of vehicle financing, insurance and other service contracts (F&I revenue) and the performance of vehicle repair and maintenance services. New and used vehicle revenue contracts generally contain one performance obligation to deliver the vehicle to the customer in exchange for the stated contract consideration. Revenue is recognized at the point in time when control of the vehicle passes to the customer. F&I revenue is recognized at the point in time when the agreement between the customer and financing, insurance or service provider is executed. As the automotive subsidiary acts as an agent in these F&I revenue transactions, revenue is recognized net of any financing, insurance and service provider costs. Repair and maintenance services revenue is recognized over time, as the service is performed. Other Revenue. Restaurant Revenue. Restaurant revenues consist of sales generated by Clyde’s Restaurant Group (CRG). Food and beverage revenue, net of discounts and taxes, is recognized at the point in time when it is delivered to the customer. Proceeds from the sale of gift cards are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized as revenue upon redemption by the customer. Custom Framing Services Revenue. Framebridge sells custom framing solutions to customers. Custom framing services revenue, net of discounts and taxes, is recognized when the products are delivered to the customer. Proceeds from the sale of gift cards are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized as revenue upon redemption by the customer. Code3 Revenue. Code3 generates media management revenue in exchange for providing social media marketing solutions to its clients. The Company determined that Code3 contracts generally have one performance obligation made up of a series of promises to manage the client’s media spend on advertising platforms for the duration of the contract period. Code3 recognizes revenue, net of media acquisition costs, over time as media management services are delivered to the customer. Generally, Code3 recognizes revenue using the right to invoice practical expedient, an output method, as Code3’s right to revenue corresponds directly with the value delivered to its customer. As a result of the election to use the right to invoice practical expedient, Code3 does not determine the transaction price or allocate any variable consideration at contract inception. Rather, Code3 recognizes revenue commensurate with the amount to which it has the right to invoice the customer which is a function of the cost of social media placement plus a management fee, less any applicable discounts. Payment is typically received within 100 days of revenue recognition. Code3 evaluates whether it is the principal (i.e. presents revenue on a gross basis) or agent (i.e. presents revenue on a net basis) in its contracts. Code3 presents revenue for media management services, net of media acquisition costs, as an agent, as Code3 does not control the media before placement on social media platforms. Leaf Group Revenue. Leaf Group (Leaf) generates revenue through its media and marketplace businesses. Media revenue is primarily derived from advertisements displayed on Leaf’s online media properties. Revenue is recognized over time as the performance obligation is delivered. Revenue is generally recognized based on an output measure including impressions delivered, cost per click or time-based advertisements. Marketplace revenue is primarily derived from the sale of products from Society6 and Saatchi Art Group. Each product ordered generally is accounted for as an individual performance obligation. Product revenue, net of discounts and taxes, is recognized when control of the promised good is transferred to the customer. Other Revenue. Other revenue primarily includes advertising, circulation and subscription revenue from Slate, Decile, Pinna and Foreign Policy. The Company accounts for other advertising revenues consistently with the advertising revenue streams addressed above. Circulation revenue consists of fees that provide customers access to online and print publications. The Company recognizes circulation and subscription revenue ratably over the subscription period beginning on the date that the publication or product is made available to the customer. Circulation revenue contracts are generally annual or monthly subscription contracts that are paid in advance of delivery of performance obligations. Revenue Policy Elections. The Company has elected to account for shipping and handling activities that occur after the customer has obtained control of the good as a fulfillment cost rather than as an additional promised service. Therefore, revenue for these performance obligations is recognized when control of the good transfers to the customer, which is when the good is ready for shipment. The Company accrues the related shipping and handling costs over the period when revenue is recognized. The Company has elected to exclude from the measurement of the transaction price all taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction and collected by the entity from a customer. Revenue Practical Expedients. The Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less, (ii) contracts for which the amount of revenue recognized is based on the amount to which the Company has the right to invoice the customer for services performed, (iii) contracts for which the consideration received is a usage-based royalty promised in exchange for a license of intellectual property and (iv) contracts for which variable consideration is allocated entirely to a wholly unsatisfied promise to transfer a distinct good or service that forms part of a single performance obligation. Costs to Obtain a Contract. The Company incurs costs to obtain a contract that are both incremental and expected to be recovered as the costs would not have been incurred if the contract was not obtained and the revenue from the contract exceeds the associated cost. The revenue guidance provides a practical expedient to expense sales commissions as incurred in instances where the amortization period is one year or less. The amortization period is defined in the guidance as the contract term, inclusive of any expected contract renewal periods. The Company has elected to apply this practical expedient to all contracts except for contracts in its education division. In the education division, costs to obtain a contract are amortized over the applicable amortization period except for cases in which commissions paid on initial contracts and renewals are commensurate. The Company amortizes these costs to obtain a contract on a straight-line basis over the amortization period. These expenses are included as cost of services or products in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations. Leases. The Company has operating leases for substantially all of its educational facilities, corporate offices and other facilities used in conducting its business, as well as certain equipment. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in lease right-of-use (ROU) assets, current portion of lease liabilities, and lease liabilities on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. ROU assets also include any initial direct costs, prepaid lease payments and lease incentives received, when applicable. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company used its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The Company used the incremental borrowing rate on December 31, 2018 for operating leases that commenced prior to that date. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease by one to 10 years or more when it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised. Leases with a term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; however, lease expense for these leases is recognized on a straight-line basis. The Company has elected the practical expedient to not separate lease components from nonlease components. As such, lease expense includes these nonlease components, when applicable. Fixed lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Variable lease expense is recognized when incurred. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any significant residual value guarantees or restrictive covenants. In some instances, the Company subleases its leased real estate facilities to third parties. The Company has several restaurant leases with an entity affiliated with some of CRG’s senior managers. Finance leases are included in property, plant and equipment, net, accounts payable and accrued liabilities and other liabilities on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company primarily has finance leases for its vehicle fleet at the healthcare subsidiary and service loaner vehicles at the automotive subsidiary. Service loaner vehicles are generally purchased from the lessor within six months of contract commencement and upon purchase the vehicles are placed into used vehicle inventory at cost. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had $5.4 million and $4.0 million, respectively, in net, property, plant and equipment and current finance lease liabilities related to service loaner vehicles at the automotive subsidiary. Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits. The Company maintains various pension and incentive savings plans. Most of the Company’s employees are covered by these plans. The Company also provides healthcare and life insurance benefits to certain retired employees. These employees become eligible for benefits after meeting age and service requirements. The Company recognizes the overfunded or underfunded status of a defined benefit postretirement plan as an asset or liability in its Consolidated Balance Sheets and recognizes changes in that funded status in the year in which the changes occur through comprehensive income. The Company measures changes in the funded status of its plans using the projected unit credit method and several actuarial assumptions, the most significant of which are the discount rate, the expected return on plan assets and the rate of compensation increase. The Company uses a measurement date of December 31 for its pension and other postretirement benefit plans. Self-Insurance. The Company uses a combination of insurance and self-insurance for a number of risks, including claims related to employee healthcare and dental care, disability benefits, workers’ compensation, general liability, property damage and business interruption. Liabilities associated with these plans are estimated based on, among other things, the Company’s historical claims experience, severity factors and other actuarial assumptions. The expected loss accruals are based on estimates, and, while the Company believes that the amounts accrued are adequate, the ultimate loss may differ from the amounts provided. Income Taxes. The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial statements and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company records net deferred tax assets to the extent that it believes these assets will more likely than not be realized. In making such determination, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies and recent financial operations; this evaluation is made on an ongoing basis. In the event the Company were to determine that it was able to realize net deferred income tax assets in the future in excess of their net recorded amount, the Company would record an adjustment to the valuation allowance, which would reduce the provision for income taxes. The Company recognizes a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolutions of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits. The Company records a liability for the difference between the benefit recognized and measured for financial statement purposes and the tax position taken or expected to be taken on the Company’s tax return. Changes in the estimate are recorded in the period in which such determination is made. Foreign Currency Translation. Income and expense accounts of the Company’s non-U.S. operations where the local currency is the functional currency are translated into U.S. dollars using the current rate method, whereby operating results are converted at the average rate of exchange for the period, and assets and liabilities are converted at the closing rates on the period end date. Gains and losses on translation of these accounts are accumulated and reported as a separate component of equity and other comprehensive income. Gains and losses on foreign currency transactions, including foreign currency denominated intercompany loans on entities with a functional currency in U.S. dollars, are recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Equity-Based Compensation. The Company measures compensation expense for awards settled in shares based on the grant date fair value of the award. The Company measures compensation expense for awards settled in cash, or that may be settled in cash, based on the fair value at each reporting date. The Company recognizes the expense over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the award. Stock award forfeitures are accounted for as they occur. Earnings Per Share. Basic earnings per share is calculated under the two-class method. The Company treats restricted stock as a participating security due to its nonforfeitable right to dividends. Under the two-class method, the Company allocates to the participating securities their portion of dividends declared and undistributed earnings to the extent the participating securities may share in the earnings as if all earnings for the period had been distributed. Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is calculated similarly except that the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period includes the dilutive effect of the assumed exercise of options and restricted stock issuable under the Company’s stock plans. The dilutive effect of potentially dilutive securities is reflected in diluted earnings per share by application of the treasury stock method. Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest. The mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest represents the ownership portion of a group of minority shareholders, consisting of a group of senior managers of the healthcare business, in subsidiaries of Graham Healthcare Group (GHG). The Company established GHC One LLC (GHC One) and GHC Two LLC (GHC Two) as vehicles to invest in a portfolio of healthcare businesses together with the group of senior managers of GHG. As the holder of preferred units, the Company is obligated to contribute 95% of the capital required for the acquisition of portfolio investments with the remaining 5% of the capital coming from the group of senior managers. The operating agreements of GHC One and GHC Two require the dissolution of the entities on March 31, 2026, and March 31, 2029, respectively, at which time the net assets will be distributed to its members. As a preferred unit holder, the Company will receive an amount up to its contributed capital plus a preferred annual return of 8% (guaranteed return) after the group of senior managers has received the redemption of their 5% interest in net assets (manager return). All distributions in excess of the manager and guaranteed return will be paid to common unit holders, which currently comprise the group of senior managers of GHG. The Company may convert its preferred units to common units at any time after which it will receive 80% of all distributions in excess of the manager return, with the remaining 20% of excess distributions going to the group of senior managers as holders of the other common units. The mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest is reported as a noncurrent liability at December 31, 2022 and 2021 in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company presents this liability at fair value, which is computed quarterly at the current redemption value. Changes in the redemption value are recorded as interest expense or income in the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Operations. Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest. The Company’s redeemable noncontrolling interest represents the noncontrolling interest in CSI Pharmacy Holding Company, LLC (CSI), which is 76.5% owned, Framebridge, which is 93.4% owned, Weiss, which is 50.1% owned and Skin Clique, which is 51% owned. CSI’s minority shareholders may put up to 50% of their shares to the Company. The first put period began in 2022. A second put period for another tranche of shares begins in 2024. In November 2022, a CSI minority shareholder put some shares to the Company, which had a redemption value of $1.2 million. Prior to the redemption, the Company owned 75% of CSI. The minority shareholder of Framebridge has an option to put 20% of the shares to the Company annually starting in 2024. The minority shareholder of Weiss has an option to put 10% of the shares to the Company annually starting in 2026 and may put all of the shares starting in 2033. The minority shareholders of Skin Clique have the option to put all or a portion of their shares to the Company starting in 2029 and ending in 2032. In March 2021, Hoover’s minority shareholders put the remaining outstanding shares to the Company. Following the redemption, the Company owns 100% of Hoover. Prior to the redemption, the Company owned 98.01% of Hoover. The Company presents the redeemable noncontrolling interests at the greater of its carrying amount or redemption value at the end of each reporting period in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in the redemption value are recorded to capital in excess of par value in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Comprehensive Income. Comprehensive income consists of net income, foreign currency translation adjustments, net changes in cash flow hedges, and pension and other postretirement plan adjustments. Recently Adopted and Issued Accounting Pronouncements. New accounting pronouncements issued but not effective until after December 31, 2022, are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

Acquisitions and Dispositions of Businesses

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Acquisitions And Dispositions [Abstract]

Acquisitions and Dispositions of Businesses

ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS OF BUSINESSES

Acquisitions. During 2022, the Company acquired seven businesses: five in healthcare and two in automotive, for $143.2 million in cash and contingent consideration and the assumption of floor plan payables. The assets and liabilities of the companies acquired were recorded at their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition.

In August 2022, GHG acquired two small businesses which are included in healthcare.

In July 2022, GHG acquired a 100% interest in a multi-state provider of Applied Behavior Analysis clinics. The acquisition is expected to expand the product offerings of the healthcare division and is included in healthcare.

On July 5, 2022, the Company’s automotive subsidiary acquired two automotive dealerships, including the real property for the dealership operations. In addition to a cash payment and the assumption of $10.9 million in floor plan payables, the automotive subsidiary borrowed $77.4 million to finance the acquisition. The dealerships are operated and managed by an entity affiliated with Christopher J. Ourisman, a member of the Ourisman Automotive Group family of dealerships. These acquisitions expand the Company’s automotive business operations and are included in automotive.

In May 2022, GHG acquired two small businesses which are included in healthcare.

During 2021, the Company acquired six businesses: two in education, two in healthcare, one in automotive, and one in other businesses for $392.4 million in cash and contingent consideration and the assumption of floor plan payables. The assets and liabilities of the companies acquired were recorded at their estimated fair values at the date of the acquisition.

On June 14, 2021, the Company acquired all of the outstanding common shares of Leaf Group Ltd. for $308.6 million in cash and the assumption of $9.2 million in liabilities related to their previous stock compensation plan, which will be paid in the future. Leaf is a consumer internet company that builds creator-driven brands in lifestyle and home and art design categories. The acquisition is expected to provide benefits in the future by diversifying the Company’s business operations and providing operating synergies with other business units. The Company includes Leaf in other businesses.

Kaplan acquired certain assets of Projects in Knowledge, a continuing medical education provider for healthcare professionals, and another small business in November 2021. These acquisitions are expected to build upon Kaplan’s existing customer base in the medical and test preparation fields. Both businesses are included in Kaplan’s supplemental education division.

In December 2021, GHG acquired two businesses, a home health business in Florida and a 50.1% interest in Weiss, a physician practice specializing in allergies, asthma and immunology. The minority shareholder of Weiss has an option to put 10% of the shares to the Company annually starting in 2026 and may put all of the shares starting in 2033. The fair value of the redeemable noncontrolling interest in Weiss was $6.6 million at the acquisition date, determined using an income approach. These acquisitions are expected to expand the market the healthcare division serves and are included in healthcare.

On December 28, 2021, the Company’s automotive subsidiary acquired a Ford automotive dealership for cash and the assumption of $16.6 million in floor plan payables. In connection with the acquisition, the automotive subsidiary of the Company borrowed $22.5 million to finance the acquisition. The dealership is operated and managed by an entity affiliated with Christopher J. Ourisman, a member of the Ourisman Automotive Group family of dealerships. The acquisition expands the Company’s automotive business operations and is included in automotive.

During 2020, the Company acquired three businesses: two in education and one in other businesses for $96.8 million in cash and contingent consideration. The assets and liabilities of the companies acquired were recorded at their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition.

In the first three months of 2020, Kaplan acquired two small businesses; one in its supplemental education division and one in its international division.

In May 2020, the Company acquired an additional interest in Framebridge, Inc. for cash and contingent consideration that resulted in the Company obtaining control of the investee. Following the acquisition, the Company owns 93.4% of Framebridge. The Company previously accounted for Framebridge under the equity method, and included it in Investments in Affiliates on the Consolidated Balance Sheet (see Note 4). The contingent consideration is primarily based on Framebridge achieving revenue milestones within a specific time period. The fair value of the contingent consideration at the acquisition date was $50.6 million, determined using a Monte Carlo simulation. The fair value of the redeemable noncontrolling interest in Framebridge was $6.0 million as of the acquisition date, determined using a market approach. The minority shareholder has an option to put 20% of the minority shares annually starting in 2024. The acquisition is expected to provide benefits in the future by diversifying the Company’s business operations and is included in other businesses.

Acquisition-related costs for acquisitions that closed during 2022, 2021 and 2020 were $1.7 million, $3.0 million and $1.1 million, respectively, and were expensed as incurred. The aggregate purchase price of these acquisitions was allocated as follows, based on acquisition date fair values to the following assets and liabilities:


		Purchase Price Allocation
		Year Ended December 31
(in thousands)	2022			2021			2020

Accounts receivable		$	3,172		$	17,878		$	745
Inventory		21,278			25,383			3,496
Property, plant and equipment		36,255			13,126			3,346
Lease right-of-use assets		4,773			25,890			6,580
Goodwill		56,163			204,151			73,951
Indefinite-lived intangible assets		41,800			22,200			—
Amortized intangible assets		1,200			99,800			14,589
Other assets		481			4,911			975
Deferred income taxes		241			44,975			15,958
Floor plan payables		(10,908)			(16,636)			—

Other liabilities		(3,798)			(52,567)			(14,917)
Current and noncurrent lease liabilities		(5,865)			(25,593)			(6,593)
Redeemable noncontrolling interest		(2,164)			(6,616)			(6,005)
Noncontrolling interest		(512)			—			—
Aggregate purchase price, net of cash acquired		$	142,116		$	356,902		$	92,125

The 2022 fair values recorded were based upon valuations and the estimates and assumptions used in such valuations are subject to change within the measurement period (up to one year from the acquisition date). The recording of deferred tax assets or liabilities and the final amount of residual goodwill is not yet finalized. The 2021 fair values include measurement period adjustments related to accounts receivable, goodwill, amortized intangible assets, current and noncurrent lease liabilities, deferred income taxes and contingent consideration. Goodwill is calculated as the excess of the consideration transferred over the net assets recognized and represents the estimated future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired that could not be individually identified and separately recognized. The goodwill recorded due to these acquisitions is attributable to the assembled workforces of the acquired companies and expected synergies. The Company expects to deduct $38.5 million, $80.6 million and $3.2 million of goodwill for income tax purposes for the acquisitions completed in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

The acquired companies were consolidated into the Company’s financial statements starting on their respective acquisition dates. The Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations include aggregate revenue and operating income of $153.8 million and $6.3 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2022. The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents the Company’s results as if the current year acquisitions had occurred at the beginning of 2021. The unaudited pro forma information also includes the 2021 acquisitions as if they occurred at the beginning of 2020 and the 2020 acquisitions as if they had occurred at the beginning of 2019:


	Year Ended December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020
Operating revenues	$	4,090,272	$	3,827,486	$	3,323,427
Net income	81,373		376,478		279,810

These pro forma results were based on estimates and assumptions, which the Company believes are reasonable, and include the historical results of operations of the acquired companies and adjustments for depreciation and amortization of identified assets and the effect of pre-acquisition transaction related expenses incurred by the Company and the acquired entities. The pro forma information does not include efficiencies, cost reductions and synergies expected to result from the acquisitions. They are not the results that would have been realized had these entities been part of the Company during the periods presented and are not necessarily indicative of the Company’s consolidated results of operations in future periods.

Disposition of Businesses. In October 2022, the Company entered into an agreement to merge the CyberVista business with CyberWire, Inc. in return for a noncontrolling financial interest in the merged entity, N2K Networks, Inc. (the CyberVista transaction). The Company deconsolidated the CyberVista subsidiary, which was included in other businesses, and accounts for its continuing interest in N2K Networks under the equity method of accounting (see Note 4). In December 2020, the Company completed the sale of Megaphone which was included in other businesses. As a result of these transactions, the Company reported gains in other non-operating income (see Note 16).

Other Transactions. In November 2022, a CSI minority shareholder put some shares to the Company, which had a redemption value of $1.2 million. Following the redemption, the Company owns 76.5% of CSI. In March 2021, Hoover’s minority shareholders put the remaining outstanding shares to the Company, which had a redemption value of $3.5 million. Following the redemption, the Company owns 100% of Hoover.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company holds a controlling financial interest in GHC One and GHC Two and therefore includes the assets, liabilities, results of operations and cash flows in its consolidated financial statements. GHC One acquired CSI and another small business during 2019. GHC Two acquired Weiss during 2021 and a provider of Applied Behavior Analysis clinics and another small business in 2022. The Company accounts for the minority ownership of the group of senior managers in GHC One and GHC Two as a mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest (see Note 2).

Investments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Investments [Abstract]

Investments

INVESTMENTS

Money Market Investments. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had money market investments of $7.7 million that are classified as cash and cash equivalents in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company had no money market investments as of December 31, 2021.

Investments in Marketable Equity Securities. Investments in marketable equity securities consist of the following:


	As of December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Total cost	$	270,764	$	273,201
Gross unrealized gains	363,147		537,915
Gross unrealized losses	(23,990)		(1,119)
Total Fair Value	$	609,921	$	809,997

At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company owned 55,430 and 44,430 shares, respectively, in Markel Corporation (Markel) valued at $73.0 million and $54.8 million, respectively. The Chief Executive Officer of Markel, Mr. Thomas S. Gayner, is a member of the Company’s Board of Directors. As of December 31, 2022, the Company owned 422 Class A and 482,945 Class B shares in Berkshire Hathaway valued at $347.0 million, which exceeded 5% of the Company’s total assets.

The Company purchased $42.1 million, of which $1.5 million was settled in January 2023, $48.0 million and $20.0 million of marketable equity securities during 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

During 2022, 2021 and 2020, the gross cumulative realized net gains from the sales of marketable equity securities were $58.1 million, $46.0 million and $23.0 million, respectively. The total proceeds from such sales were $102.0 million, $65.5 million and $93.8 million, respectively.

The net (loss) gain on marketable equity securities comprised the following:


	Year Ended December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020
(Loss) gain on marketable equity securities, net	$	(139,589)	$	243,088	$	60,787
Less: Net losses (gains) in earnings from marketable equity securities sold and donated	27,786		(17,830)		13,382
Net unrealized (losses) gains in earnings from marketable equity securities still held at the end of the year	$	(111,803)	$	225,258	$	74,169

Investments in Affiliates. As of December 31, 2022, the Company held a 49.9% interest in N2K Networks on a fully diluted basis, and accounts for its investment under the equity method. The Company holds two of the five seats of N2K Networks’ governing board with the other shareholders retaining substantive participation rights to control the financial and operating decisions of N2K Networks through their representation on the board.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company held an approximate 12% interest in Intersection Holdings, LLC (Intersection), and accounts for its investment under the equity method. The Company holds two of the ten seats of Intersection’s governing board, which allows the Company to exercise significant influence over Intersection.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company also held investments in several other affiliates; GHG held a 40% interest in Residential Home Health Illinois, a 40% interest in Residential Hospice Illinois, a 40% interest in the joint venture formed between GHG and a Michigan hospital, and a 40% interest in the joint venture formed between GHG and Allegheny Health Network (AHN). During the first quarter of 2022, GHG invested an additional $18.5 million in the Residential Home Health Illinois and Residential Hospice Illinois affiliates to fund their acquisition of certain home health and hospice assets of the NorthShore University HealthSystem. The transaction diluted GHG’s interest in

Residential Hospice Illinois resulting in a $0.6 million gain on sale of investment in affiliate (see Note 16). For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, GHG recorded $13.9 million, $10.9 million and $9.6 million, respectively, in revenue for services provided to its affiliates.

The Company had $49.1 million and $52.5 million in its investment account that represents cumulative undistributed income in its investments in affiliates as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

In the third quarter of 2021, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $6.6 million on one of its investments in affiliates as a result of the challenging economic environment for this business following an announcement by the Chinese government to reform the education sector for private education companies. In the first quarter of 2020, the Company recorded impairment charges of $3.6 million on two of its investments in affiliates as a result of the challenging economic environment for these businesses, of which $2.7 million related to the Company’s investment in Framebridge.

In May 2020, the Company made an additional investment in Framebridge (see Note 3) that resulted in the Company obtaining control of the investee. The results of operations, cash flows, assets and liabilities of Framebridge are included in the consolidated financial statements of the Company from the date of the acquisition. Timothy J. O’Shaughnessy, President and Chief Executive Officer of Graham Holdings Company, was a personal investor in Framebridge and served as Chairman of the Board prior to the acquisition of the additional interest. The Company acquired Mr. O’Shaughnessy’s interest under the same terms as the other Framebridge investors.

Additionally, Kaplan International Holdings Limited (KIHL) held a 45% interest in a joint venture formed with University of York. KIHL loaned the joint venture £22 million, which loan is repayable over 25 years at an interest rate of 7% and guaranteed by the University of York. The outstanding balance on this loan was £20.4 million as of December 31, 2022. The loan is repayable by December 2041.

Summarized Financial Data of Nonconsolidated Affiliates. The Company’s investments in affiliates consists of investments in private equity funds and other operating entities that it does not control, but over which it exerts significant influence. The following tables present summarized financial data for the Company’s nonconsolidated affiliates. The amounts included in the tables below present 100% of the balance sheets and the results of operations of such nonconsolidated affiliates accounted for under the equity method.

The Company’s ownership in private equity fund partnerships varies between approximately 4% and 10%; the Company’s related investment balance included in Investments in Affiliates was $68.9 million and $72.8 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The summarized balance sheet data of the private equity fund investments consists of the following:


	As of December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Investments in securities, at estimated fair value	$	1,974,189	$	2,039,368
Other current assets	19,072		28,590
Total assets	$	1,993,261	$	2,067,958
Total liabilities	$	3,945	$	4,790
Total partners’ capital	1,989,316		2,063,168
Total liabilities and partners’ capital	$	1,993,261	$	2,067,958

The summarized operating data of the private equity fund investments was as follows:


	Year Ended December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020
Net investment loss	$	(14,129)	$	(13,324)	$	(15,301)
Net realized gain on investments	162,644		190,368		440
Net change in unrealized (depreciation) appreciation on investments	(66,333)		1,043,627		525,588
Increase in net assets from operations	$	82,182	$	1,220,671	$	510,727

The summarized balance sheet data of the operating entity investments consists of the following:


	As of December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Current assets	$	174,027	$	203,274
Noncurrent assets	542,625		569,505
Total assets	$	716,652	$	772,779
Current liabilities	$	126,365	$	219,220
Noncurrent liabilities	386,425		329,965
Total liabilities	$	512,790	$	549,185
Noncontrolling interests	$	(26,593)	$	(80,604)

The summarized operating data of the operating entity investments was as follows:


	Year Ended December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020
Net sales	$	459,949	$	358,928	$	312,194
Gross profit	196,481		146,312		11,217
Net income (loss)	3,206		135,241		(206,504)
Net income (loss) attributable to the entity	5,124		102,829		(148,394)

Cost Method Investments. The Company held investments without readily determinable fair values in a number of equity securities that are accounted for as cost method investments, which are recorded at cost, less impairment, and adjusted for observable price changes for identical or similar investments of the same issuer. The carrying value of these investments was $66.7 million and $48.9 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded gains of $6.9 million, $11.8 million and $4.2 million, respectively, to those equity securities based on observable transactions. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2020, the Company recorded impairment losses of $1.3 million and $7.3 million, respectively, to those securities.

Accounts Receivable, Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Accounts Receivable Accounts Payable And Accrued Liabilities [Abstract]

Accounts Receivable Accounts Payable And Accrued Liabilities

ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED LIABILITIES

Accounts receivable consist of the following:


	As of December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021

Receivables from contracts with customers, less estimated credit losses of $21,387 and $21,836	$	533,622	$	589,582
Other receivables	27,157		17,889
	$	560,779	$	607,471

The changes in estimated credit losses were as follows:


(in thousands)	Balance at Beginning of Period		Additions – Charged to Costs and Expenses		Deductions		Balance at End of Period

2022	$	21,836	$	2,958	$	(3,407)	$	21,387




2021	21,494		6,824		(6,482)		21,836



2020	14,276		10,667		(3,449)		21,494

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities consist of the following:


	As of December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Accounts payable	$	136,186	$	126,985
Accrued compensation and related benefits	149,823		179,307
Other accrued liabilities	276,996		277,337
	$	563,005	$	583,629

Cash overdrafts of $0.5 million and $5.5 million are included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Inventories, Contracts in Progress and Vehicle Floor Plan Payable

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Inventory, Net of Allowances, Customer Advances and Progress Billings [Abstract]

Inventories, Contracts in Progress and Vehicle Floor Plan Payable

INVENTORIES, CONTRACTS IN PROGRESS AND VEHICLE FLOOR PLAN PAYABLE

Inventories and contracts in progress consist of the following:


	As of December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Raw materials	$	68,494	$	54,944
Work-in-process	15,718		11,506
Finished goods	140,548		72,796
Contracts in progress	2,051		2,225
	$	226,811	$	141,471

The Company finances new, used and service loaner vehicle inventory through standardized floor plan facilities with Truist Bank (Truist floor plan facility) and Ford Motor Credit Company (Ford floor plan facility). At December 31, 2022, the floor plan facilities bore interest at variable rates that are based on Secure Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) and prime-based interest rates. On July 5, 2022, the Company entered into an amended agreement with Truist to increase the capacity under the Truist floor plan facility to $80.0 million. The weighted average interest rate for the floor plan facilities was 3.2%, 1.1% and 1.7% for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, the aggregate capacity under the floor plan facilities was $106.3 million, of which $69.8 million had been utilized, and is included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Changes in the vehicle floor plan payable are reported as cash flows from financing activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

The floor plan facilities are collateralized by vehicle inventory and other assets of the relevant dealership subsidiary, and contains a number of covenants, including, among others, covenants restricting the dealership subsidiary with respect to the creation of liens and changes in ownership, officers and key management personnel. The Company was in compliance with all of these restrictive covenants as of December 31, 2022.

The floor plan interest expense related to the vehicle floor plan arrangements is offset by amounts received from manufacturers in the form of floor plan assistance capitalized in inventory and recorded against cost of goods sold in the Consolidated Statements of Operations when the associated inventory is sold. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company recognized a reduction in cost of goods sold of $4.6 million, $2.7 million and $2.1 million, respectively, related to manufacturer floor plan assistance.

Property, Plant and Equipment

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property, Plant and Equipment

PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

Property, plant and equipment consist of the following:


	As of December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Land	$	86,892	$	73,651
Buildings	203,256		211,758
Machinery, equipment and fixtures	457,145		419,778
Leasehold improvements	226,967		215,640
Construction in progress	35,150		19,517
	1,009,410		940,344
Less accumulated depreciation	(506,410)		(472,218)
	$	503,000	$	468,126

Depreciation expense was $73.3 million, $71.4 million, and $74.3 million in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

The Company recorded property, plant and equipment impairment charges of $2.4 million and $2.3 million in 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company estimated the fair value of the property, plant and equipment using income and market approaches.

Leases

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

LEASES

Operating Leases. The components of operating lease expense were as follows:


	Year Ended December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020
Operating lease cost	$	91,613	$	96,078	$	113,669
Short-term and month-to-month lease cost	30,754		17,724		21,862
Variable lease cost	21,265		20,889		18,718
Sublease income	(14,734)		(16,918)		(18,508)
Total net lease cost	$	128,898	$	117,773	$	135,741

The Company recorded impairment charges of $3.9 million and $11.4 million in 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company estimated the fair value of the right-of-use assets using an income approach.

Supplemental information related to operating leases was as follows:


	Year Ended December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020
Cash Flow Information:
Operating cash flows from operating leases (payments)	$	100,207	$	105,164	$	113,664
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities (noncash)	81,838		59,409		27,031

			As of December 31
			2022		2021
Balance Sheet Information:
Lease right-of-use assets			$	429,403	$	437,969

Current lease liabilities			$	70,007	$	77,655
Noncurrent lease liabilities			393,626		405,200
Total lease liabilities			$	463,633	$	482,855


Weighted average remaining lease term (years)	10.7		10.6
Weighted average discount rate	4.9	%	4.6	%

At December 31, 2022, maturities of operating lease liabilities were as follows:


(in thousands)	December 31, 2022
2023	$	90,564
2024	77,138
2025	60,960
2026	53,709
2027	48,522
Thereafter	286,561
Total payments	617,454
Less: Imputed interest	(153,821)
Total	$	463,633

As of December 31, 2022, the Company has entered into operating leases, including educational and other facilities, that have not yet commenced that have minimum lease payments of $6.3 million. These operating leases will commence in fiscal year 2023 with lease terms of 3 to 11 years.

Finance Leases. The components of financing lease expense were as follows:


(in thousands)	Year Ended December 31, 2022

Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets	$	2,351
Interest on lease liabilities	317
Finance lease cost	2,668
Variable lease cost	85
Total net lease cost	$	2,753

Supplemental information related to finance leases was as follows:


(in thousands)	Year Ended December 31, 2022

Cash Flow Information:
Operating cash flows from finance leases	$	317
Financing cash flows from finance leases (payments)	6,237
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities (noncash)	9,182

	As of December 31, 2022

Balance Sheet Information:
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	13,835

Current lease liabilities	8,697
Noncurrent lease liabilities	5,362
Total lease liabilities	$	14,059


Weighted average remaining lease term (years)	2.0
Weighted average discount rate	4.6	%

At December 31, 2022, maturities of finance lease liabilities were as follows:


(in thousands)	December 31, 2022
2023	$	9,034
2024	3,590
2025	1,990
Total payments	14,614
Less: Imputed interest	(555)
Total	$	14,059

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

In the fourth quarter of 2022, as a result of the weakened current outlook for digital advertising and consumer demand for art and related goods following substantial declines in revenues and significant operating losses at Leaf, the Company recorded goodwill and amortized intangible asset impairment charges of $129.0 million at the Leaf Media and Leaf Marketplace reporting units. The Company estimated the fair value of the reporting units and amortized intangible assets by utilizing a discounted cash flow model. The carrying values of the reporting units and amortized intangible assets exceeded their estimated fair values, resulting in goodwill and intangible asset impairment charges for the amount by which the carrying values exceeded their estimated fair values after taking into account the effect of deferred income taxes. Leaf is included in other businesses.

In the third quarter of 2021, as a result of the emergence of the COVID-19 Delta variant and continued weak product demand in the commercial office electrical products and hospitality sectors caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company performed an interim review of the goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles of the Dekko reporting unit. As a result of the impairment review, the Company recorded a $26.7 million goodwill impairment charge. The Company estimated the fair value of the reporting unit by utilizing a discounted cash flow model. The carrying value of the reporting unit exceeded the estimated fair value, resulting in a goodwill impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying value exceeded the estimated fair value after taking into account the effect of deferred income taxes. Dekko is included in manufacturing.

In the first quarter of 2020, as a result of the uncertainty and challenging operating environment created by the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company performed an interim review of the goodwill, indefinite-lived intangibles and other long-lived assets of the CRG and automotive dealership reporting units and asset groups. As a result of the impairment reviews, the Company recorded a $9.7 million goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment charge at CRG and a $6.7 million indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment charge at the auto dealerships. The Company estimated the fair value of the reporting units and indefinite-lived intangible assets by utilizing a discounted cash flow model. The carrying value of the CRG reporting unit and the indefinite-lived intangible assets exceeded the estimated fair value, resulting in a goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying value exceeded the estimated fair value. CRG is included in other businesses and the automotive dealerships are included in automotive.

Amortization of intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, was $58.9 million, $57.9 million and $56.8 million, respectively. Amortization of intangible assets is estimated to be approximately $50 million in 2023, $37 million in 2024, $29 million in 2025, $20 million in 2026, $6 million in 2027 and $19 million thereafter.

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill, by segment, were as follows:


(in thousands)	Education		Television Broadcasting		Manufacturing		Healthcare		Automotive		Other Businesses		Total
As of December 31, 2020
Goodwill	$	1,183,379	$	190,815	$	234,993	$	98,421	$	39,121	$	91,351	$	1,838,080
Accumulated impairment losses	(331,151)		—		(7,616)		—		—		(14,563)		(353,330)
	852,228		190,815		227,377		98,421		39,121		76,788		1,484,750

Acquisitions	16,342		—		—		19,908		6,705		162,048		205,003
Impairment	—		—		(26,686)		—		—		—		(26,686)


Foreign currency exchange rate changes	(13,485)		—		—		—		—		—		(13,485)
As of December 31, 2021
Goodwill	1,186,236		190,815		234,993		118,329		45,826		253,399		2,029,598
Accumulated impairment losses	(331,151)		—		(34,302)		—		—		(14,563)		(380,016)
	855,085		190,815		200,691		118,329		45,826		238,836		1,649,582
Measurement period adjustment	1,081		—		—		249		—		(2,183)		(853)
Acquisitions	—		—		—		17,292		38,871		—		56,163
Impairment	—		—		—		—		—		(102,124)		(102,124)


Foreign currency exchange rate changes	(41,815)		—		—		—		—		—		(41,815)
As of December 31, 2022
Goodwill	1,145,502		190,815		234,993		135,870		84,697		251,216		2,043,093
Accumulated impairment losses	(331,151)		—		(34,302)		—		—		(116,687)		(482,140)
	$	814,351	$	190,815	$	200,691	$	135,870	$	84,697	$	134,529	$	1,560,953

The changes in carrying amount of goodwill at the Company’s education division were as follows:


(in thousands)	Kaplan International		Higher Education		Supplemental Education		Total
As of December 31, 2020
Goodwill	$	634,749	$	174,564	$	374,066	$	1,183,379
Accumulated impairment losses	—		(111,324)		(219,827)		(331,151)
	634,749		63,240		154,239		852,228

Acquisitions	—		—		16,342		16,342



Foreign currency exchange rate changes	(13,481)		—		(4)		(13,485)
As of December 31, 2021
Goodwill	621,268		174,564		390,404		1,186,236
Accumulated impairment losses	—		(111,324)		(219,827)		(331,151)
	621,268		63,240		170,577		855,085
Measurement period adjustment	—		—		1,081		1,081




Foreign currency exchange rate changes	(41,707)		—		(108)		(41,815)
As of December 31, 2022
Goodwill	579,561		174,564		391,377		1,145,502
Accumulated impairment losses	—		(111,324)		(219,827)		(331,151)
	$	579,561	$	63,240	$	171,550	$	814,351

Other intangible assets consist of the following:


		As of December 31, 2022						As of December 31, 2021
(in thousands)	Useful Life Range	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
Amortized Intangible Assets
Student and customer relationships	2–10 years	$	297,766	$	230,429	$	67,337	$	300,027	$	206,714	$	93,313
Trade names and trademarks	2–15 years	148,102		81,078		67,024		158,365		68,113		90,252
Network affiliation agreements	10 years	17,400		10,367		7,033		17,400		8,628		8,772
Databases and technology	3–6 years	36,216		32,219		3,997		36,585		26,464		10,121
Noncompete agreements	2–5 years	1,000		995		5		1,000		991		9
Other	1–8 years	43,644		27,618		16,026		68,500		23,847		44,653
		$	544,128	$	382,706	$	161,422	$	581,877	$	334,757	$	247,120
Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets
Franchise agreements		$	85,858					$	44,058
Trade names and trademarks		81,905						86,972
FCC licenses		11,000						11,000
Licensure and accreditation		150						150
Other		21						—
		$	178,934					$	142,180

Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

INCOME TAXES

Income before income taxes consists of the following:


	Year Ended December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020
U.S.	$	69,499	$	421,420	$	403,295
Non-U.S.	52,235		28,207		3,973
	$	121,734	$	449,627	$	407,268

The provision for income taxes consists of the following:


(in thousands)	Current		Deferred		Total
Year Ended December 31, 2022
U.S. Federal	$	37,525	$	(6,180)	$	31,345
State and Local	5,676		2,513		8,189
Non-U.S.	11,943		(177)		11,766
	$	55,144	$	(3,844)	$	51,300
Year Ended December 31, 2021
U.S. Federal	$	20,806	$	64,356	$	85,162
State and Local	4,354		(435)		3,919
Non-U.S.	6,094		1,125		7,219
	$	31,254	$	65,046	$	96,300
Year Ended December 31, 2020
U.S. Federal	$	77,882	$	6,669	$	84,551
State and Local	8,083		4,954		13,037
Non-U.S.	6,958		2,754		9,712
	$	92,923	$	14,377	$	107,300

The provision for income taxes differs from the amount of income tax determined by applying the U.S. Federal statutory rate of 21% to the income before taxes as a result of the following:


	Year Ended December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020
U.S. Federal taxes at statutory rate (see above)	$	25,564	$	94,422	$	85,526
State and local taxes, net of U.S. Federal tax	(331)		2,238		15,366
Valuation allowances against state tax benefits, net of U.S. Federal tax	6,800		859		(5,067)
Stock-based compensation	2		(24)		2,048
Valuation allowances against other non-U.S. income tax benefits	263		4,042		2,445
Goodwill impairments	15,628		1,612		—
Other, net	3,374		(6,849)		6,982
Provision for Income Taxes	$	51,300	$	96,300	$	107,300

The Company’s effective tax rate for 2021 was favorably impacted by a $17.2 million deferred tax adjustment arising from a change in the estimated deferred state income tax rate attributable to the apportionment formula used in the calculation of deferred taxes related to the Company’s pension and other postretirement plans. This benefit is included in the overall state tax provision for 2021 of $2.2 million reflected above.

Deferred income taxes consist of the following:


	As of December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Employee benefit obligations	$	53,307	$	64,258
Accounts receivable	3,770		3,554
State income tax loss carryforwards	61,826		63,050
State capital loss carryforwards	36		107
State income tax credit carryforwards	421		511
U.S. Federal income tax loss carryforwards	64,310		69,509
U.S. Federal foreign income tax credit carryforwards	1,271		970
Non-U.S. income tax loss carryforwards	19,937		18,877
Non-U.S. capital loss carryforwards	3,458		3,707
Leases	59,072		63,715
Other	2,350		6,396
Deferred Tax Assets	269,758		294,654
Valuation allowances	(62,816)		(57,603)
Deferred Tax Assets, Net	206,942		237,051
Prepaid pension cost	426,348		594,372
Unrealized gain on marketable equity securities	87,204		138,868
Goodwill and other intangible assets	81,593		103,497
Property, plant and equipment	19,703		15,451
Leases	49,473		51,668
Non-U.S. withholding tax	2,084		2,001
Deferred Tax Liabilities	666,405		905,857
Deferred Income Tax Liabilities, Net	$	459,463	$	668,806

The Company has $1,049.7 million of state income tax net operating loss carryforwards available to offset future state taxable income. During 2021, the Company recorded $115.4 million of state income tax loss carryforwards as a result of the Leaf acquisition. State income tax loss carryforwards, if unutilized, will start to expire approximately as follows:


(in millions)
2023	$	5.4
2024	7.2
2025	18.1
2026	13.7
2027	17.6
2028 and after	987.7
Total	$	1,049.7

The Company has recorded at December 31, 2022, $61.8 million in deferred state income tax assets, net of U.S. Federal income tax, with respect to these state income tax loss carryforwards. The Company has established $41.6 million in valuation allowances against these deferred state income tax assets, since the Company has determined that it is more likely than not that some of these state tax losses may not be fully utilized in the future to reduce state taxable income.

The Company has $306.2 million of U.S. Federal income tax loss carryforwards obtained as a result of prior stock acquisitions. During 2021, the Company recorded $262.5 million of U.S. Federal income tax loss carryforwards as a result of the Leaf acquisition. U.S. Federal income tax loss carryforwards are expected to be fully utilized as follows:


(in millions)
2023	$	27.8
2024	27.8
2025	24.8
2026	14.0
2027	6.6
2028 and after	205.2
Total	$	306.2

The Company has established at December 31, 2022, $64.3 million in U.S. Federal deferred tax assets with respect to these U.S. Federal income tax loss carryforwards.

For U.S. Federal income tax purposes, the Company has established U.S. Federal deferred tax assets with respect to $1.3 million of foreign tax credits available to be credited against future U.S. Federal income tax liabilities that will start to expire in 2023 if unutilized. The Company has recorded $1.3 million in valuation allowances against these deferred tax assets since the Company determined that it is more likely than not these foreign tax credit carryforwards may not be utilized in the future to reduce U.S. Federal income taxes.

The Company has $91.1 million of non-U.S. income tax loss carryforwards as a result of operating losses and carryforwards that were obtained in part through prior stock acquisitions that are available to offset future non-U.S. taxable income and has recorded, with respect to these losses, $19.9 million in non-U.S. deferred income tax assets. The Company has established $14.4 million in valuation allowances against the deferred tax assets for the portion of non-U.S. tax losses that may not be utilized to reduce future non-U.S. taxable income. The $91.1 million of non-U.S. income tax loss carryforwards consist of $50.7 million in losses that may be carried forward indefinitely; $26.0 million of losses that, if unutilized, will expire in varying amounts through 2027; and $14.4 million of losses that, if unutilized, will start to expire after 2027.

The Company has $11.5 million of non-U.S. capital loss carryforwards that may be carried forward indefinitely and are available to offset future non-U.S. capital gains. The Company recorded a $3.5 million non-U.S. deferred income tax asset for these non-U.S. capital loss carryforwards and has established a full valuation allowance against this non-U.S. deferred tax asset since the Company has determined that it is more likely than not that the capital loss carryforwards may not be utilized to reduce taxable income in the future.

Deferred tax valuation allowances and changes in deferred tax valuation allowances were as follows:


(in thousands)	Balance at Beginning of Period		Tax Expense and Revaluation		Deductions		Balance at End of Period
Year Ended
December 31, 2022	$	57,603	$	7,460	$	(2,247)	$	62,816
December 31, 2021	47,217		13,915		(3,529)		57,603
December 31, 2020	46,243		7,303		(6,329)		47,217

The Company has established $43.2 million in valuation allowances against deferred state tax assets recognized, net of U.S. Federal tax. As stated above, approximately $41.6 million of the valuation allowances, net of U.S. Federal income tax, relate to state income tax loss carryforwards. In most instances, the Company has established valuation allowances against deferred state income tax assets without considering potentially offsetting deferred tax liabilities established with respect to prepaid pension cost and goodwill. Prepaid pension cost and goodwill have not been considered a source of future taxable income for realizing those deferred state tax assets recognized since these temporary differences are not likely to reverse in the foreseeable future. However, certain deferred state tax assets have an indefinite life. As a result, the Company has considered deferred tax liabilities for prepaid pension cost and goodwill as a source of future taxable income for realizing those deferred state tax assets with indefinite lives. The valuation allowances established against deferred state income tax assets may increase or decrease within the next 12 months, based on operating results or the market value of investment holdings. The Company will

monitor future results on a quarterly basis to determine whether the valuation allowances provided against deferred state tax assets should be increased or decreased as future circumstances warrant.

The Company has established $18.2 million in valuation allowances against non-U.S. deferred tax assets, and, as stated above, $14.4 million of the non-U.S. valuation allowances relate to non-U.S. income tax loss carryforwards and $3.5 million relate to non-U.S. capital loss carryforwards. Valuation allowances established against non-U.S. deferred tax assets are recorded at the education division and other businesses. These non-U.S. valuation allowances may increase or decrease within the next 12 months, based on operating results. As a result, the Company is unable to estimate the potential tax impact, given the uncertain operating environment. The Company will monitor future education division and other businesses’ operating results and projected future operating results on a quarterly basis to determine whether the valuation allowances provided against non-U.S. deferred tax assets should be increased or decreased as future circumstances warrant.

The Company estimates that unremitted non-U.S. subsidiary earnings, when distributed, will not be subject to tax except to the extent non-U.S. withholding taxes are imposed. Approximately $2.1 million of deferred tax liabilities remain recorded on the books at December 31, 2022 with respect to future non-U.S. withholding taxes the Company estimated may be imposed on future cash distributions.

U.S. Federal and state tax liabilities may be recorded if the investment in non-U.S. subsidiaries become held for sale instead of being held indefinitely, but calculation of the tax due is not practicable.

The 2019 U.S. Federal tax return and subsequent years remain open to IRS examination. The Company files income tax returns with the U.S. Federal government and in various state, local and non-U.S. governmental jurisdictions, with the consolidated U.S. Federal tax return filing considered the only major tax jurisdiction.

The Company endeavors to comply with tax laws and regulations where it does business, but cannot guarantee that, if challenged, the Company’s interpretation of all relevant tax laws and regulations will prevail and that all tax benefits recorded in the financial statements will ultimately be recognized in full.

The following summarizes the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, for the respective periods:


	Year Ended December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020
Beginning unrecognized tax benefits	$	3,004	$	1,898	$	1,572
Increases related to current year tax positions	300		1,061		742
Increases related to prior year tax positions	778		45		656
Decreases related to prior year tax positions	(185)		—		—
Decreases related to settlement with tax authorities	—		—		(1,072)
Decreases due to lapse of applicable statutes of limitations	—		—		—
Ending unrecognized tax benefits	$	3,897	$	3,004	$	1,898

The unrecognized tax benefits relate to federal and state research and development tax credits applicable to the 2019 to 2022 tax periods, as well as state income tax filing positions applicable to the 2012 to 2018 and 2020 tax periods. In making these determinations, the Company presumes that taxing authorities pursuing examinations of the Company’s compliance with tax law filing requirements will have full knowledge of all relevant information, and, if necessary, the Company will pursue resolution of disputed tax positions by appeals or litigation. Although the Company cannot predict the timing of resolution with tax authorities, the Company estimates that some of the unrecognized tax benefits may change in the next 12 months due to settlement with the tax authorities. The Company expects that a $1.9 million federal tax benefit and a $2.0 million state tax benefit, net of $0.4 million federal tax expense, will reduce the effective tax rate in the future if the unrecognized tax benefits are recognized.

The Company classifies interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as a component of interest and other expenses, respectively. As of December 31, 2022, the Company has accrued $0.3 million of interest related to the unrecognized tax benefits. The Company has not accrued any penalties related to the unrecognized tax benefits.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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+ Details

Debt

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

DEBT

The Company’s borrowings consist of the following:


				As of December 31
(in thousands)	Maturities	Stated Interest Rate	Effective Interest Rate	2022		2021
Unsecured notes (1)	2026	5.75%	5.75%	$	397,548	$	396,830
Revolving credit facility	2027	1.61% - 7.88%	3.16%	200,236		209,643

Truist Bank commercial note (2)	2031	1.85% - 5.77%	3.39%	23,522		24,504
Truist Bank commercial note	2032	2.10% - 6.17%	3.71%	66,513		22,500
Truist Bank commercial note (3)	2032	3.49% - 5.92%	4.78%	26,548		—
Pinnacle Bank term loan	2024	4.15%	4.19%	8,433		9,558

Other indebtedness	2025 - 2030	0.00% - 16.00%		3,560		4,466
Total Debt				726,360		667,501
Less: current portion				(155,813)		(141,749)
Total Long-Term Debt				$	570,547	$	525,752

____________

(1) The carrying value is net of $2.5 million and $3.2 million of unamortized debt issuance costs as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

(2) The carrying value is net of $0.1 million of unamortized debt issuance costs as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.

(3) The carrying value is net of $0.1 million of unamortized debt issuance costs as of December 31, 2022.

The Company’s $400 million senior unsecured fixed-rate notes (the Notes), due June 1, 2026, are guaranteed, jointly and severally, on a senior unsecured basis, by certain of the Company’s existing and future domestic subsidiaries, as described in the terms of the indenture. The Notes have a coupon rate of 5.75% per annum, payable semi-annually on June 1 and December 1. The Company may redeem the Notes in whole or in part at any time at the respective redemption prices described in the indenture. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the fair value of the Notes, based on quoted market prices (Level 2 fair value assessment), totaled $395.1 million and $417.5 million, respectively.

On May 3, 2022, the Company amended the revolving credit facility to, among other things, (i) extend the maturity of the facility to May 30, 2027, (ii) eliminate borrowings under separate U.S. dollar and multicurrency tranches, (iii) update certain interest rate benchmarks including replacing USD London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) with SOFR for borrowings denominated in U.S. dollars, (iv) incorporate a sub-facility for the issuance of letters of credit, and (v) allow for applicable margin for borrowings to be determined and adjusted quarterly based on the Company’s Total Net Leverage Ratio. The outstanding balance on the Company’s $300 million unsecured revolving credit facility was $200.2 million as of December 31, 2022, consisting of U.S. dollar borrowings of $140 million with interest payable at SOFR plus 1.375% or prime rate plus 0.375%, and British Pound (GBP) borrowings of £50 million with interest payable at Daily Sterling Overnight Index Average (SONIA) plus 1.375%.

On July 5, 2022, the Company’s automotive subsidiary amended its commercial note, dated December 28, 2021, with Truist Bank to, among other things, increase the aggregate loan amount to $71.6 million. The amended commercial note is payable over a 10-year period, with a final payment of the outstanding principal balance due on July 1, 2032. The amended commercial note bears interest at variable rates based on SOFR plus 2.05% per annum.

On July 5, 2022, the Company’s automotive subsidiary entered into three additional commercial notes with Truist Bank in an aggregate amount of $27.2 million. The commercial notes are each payable over a 10-year period, with a final payment of the outstanding principal balances due on July 1, 2032. The commercial notes each bear interest at variable rates based on SOFR plus 1.8% per annum. On the same date, the Company’s automotive subsidiary entered into three interest rate swap agreements with a total notional value of $27.2 million and a maturity date of July 1, 2032. The interest rate swap agreements will pay the automotive subsidiary interest on the $27.2 million notional amount based on SOFR plus 1.8% per annum and the automotive subsidiary will pay the counterparty a fixed rate of 4.861% per annum. The new interest rate swap agreements were entered into to convert the variable rate borrowings under these commercial notes into fixed rate borrowings. Based on the terms of the new interest rate swap agreements and the underlying borrowings, the new interest rate swaps were determined to be effective and thus qualify as cash flow hedges.

On October 21, 2021, the Company’s automotive subsidiary entered into a commercial note with Truist Bank in an aggregate principal amount of $24.75 million. The commercial note is payable over a 10-year period, with a final payment of the outstanding principal balance on October 1, 2031. The commercial note bears interest at variable rates based on SOFR plus 1.8% per annum. The automotive subsidiary used the net proceeds from this commercial note to repay the outstanding balance on the commercial note due in 2029. On the same date, the Company’s

automotive subsidiary rolled its existing interest rate swap into a new interest rate swap agreement with a total notional value of $24.75 million and a maturity date of October 1, 2031. The new interest rate swap agreement will pay the automotive subsidiary variable interest on the $24.75 million notional amount based on SOFR plus 1.8% per annum and the automotive subsidiary will pay the counterparty a fixed rate of 4.118% per annum. The new interest rate swap agreement was entered into to convert the variable rate borrowing under this commercial note into a fixed rate borrowing. Based on the terms of the new interest rate swap agreement and the underlying borrowing, the new interest rate swap was determined to be effective and thus qualifies as a cash flow hedge.

On December 2, 2022, the GHG subsidiary amended its loan facility with Pinnacle Bank to extend the maturity of its $6.0 million line of credit to December 2, 2023 and updated the interest rate to be based on SOFR plus 2.85% per annum. The GHG subsidiary had no borrowings outstanding under its line of credit as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.

On January 26, 2021, the GHG subsidiary amended its loan facility with Pinnacle Bank to decrease the principal of the term loan to $10.6 million, bearing interest at 4.15% per annum.

The fair value of the Company’s other debt, which is based on Level 2 inputs, approximates its carrying value as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. The Company is in compliance with all financial covenants of the revolving credit facility, commercial notes, and Pinnacle Bank term loan as of December 31, 2022.

During 2022 and 2021, the Company had average borrowings outstanding of approximately $689.9 million and $545.2 million, respectively, at average annual interest rates of approximately 4.8%. The Company incurred net interest expense of $51.2 million, $30.5 million and $34.4 million during 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded interest expense of $16.5 million, $4.1 million and $8.5 million, respectively, to adjust the fair value of the mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest. The fair value of the mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest was based on the fair value of the underlying subsidiaries owned by GHC One and GHC Two, after taking into account any debt and other noncontrolling interests of its subsidiary investments. The fair value of the owned subsidiaries is determined by reference to either a discounted cash flow or EBITDA multiple, which approximates fair value (Level 3 fair value assessment).

- Definition

The entire disclosure for information about short-term and long-term debt arrangements, which includes amounts of borrowings under each line of credit, note payable, commercial paper issue, bonds indenture, debenture issue, own-share lending arrangements and any other contractual agreement to repay funds, and about the underlying arrangements, rationale for a classification as long-term, including repayment terms, interest rates, collateral provided, restrictions on use of assets and activities, whether or not in compliance with debt covenants, and other matters important to users of the financial statements, such as the effects of refinancing and noncompliance with debt covenants.

+ References

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-Topic 470
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2208564

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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495323-112611

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1I
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495371-112611

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (i)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495323-112611

+ Details

Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows:


	As of December 31, 2022
(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Money market investments (1)	$	—	$	7,686	$	—	$	7,686
Marketable equity securities (2)	609,921		—		—		609,921
Other current investments (3)	7,471		5,016		—		12,487
Interest rate swaps (4)	—		2,636		—		2,636
Total Financial Assets	$	617,392	$	15,338	$	—	$	632,730
Liabilities

Contingent consideration liabilities (5)	$	—	$	—	$	8,423	$	8,423

Foreign exchange swap (6)	—		333		—		333
Mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest (7)	—		—		30,845		30,845
Total Financial Liabilities	$	—	$	333	$	39,268	$	39,601


	As of December 31, 2021
(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets

Marketable equity securities (2)	$	809,997	$	—	$	—	$	809,997
Other current investments (3)	7,230		7,218		—		14,448

Total Financial Assets	$	817,227	$	7,218	$	—	$	824,445
Liabilities

Contingent consideration liabilities (5)	$	—	$	—	$	14,881	$	14,881
Interest rate swap (8)	—		2,049		—		2,049
Foreign exchange swap (6)	—		484		—		484
Mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest (7)	—		—		13,661		13,661
Total Financial Liabilities	$	—	$	2,533	$	28,542	$	31,075

____________


(1)			The Company’s money market investments are included in cash and cash equivalents and the value considers the liquidity of the counterparty.
(2)			The Company’s investments in marketable equity securities are held in common shares of U.S. corporations that are actively traded on U.S. exchanges. Price quotes for these shares are readily available.
(3)			Includes U.S. Government Securities, corporate bonds, mutual funds and time deposits. These investments are valued using a market approach based on the quoted market prices of the security or inputs that include quoted market prices for similar instruments and are classified as either Level 1 or Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.
(4)			Included in Deferred Charges and Other Assets. The Company utilized a market approach model using a notional amount of the interest rate swaps multiplied by the observable inputs of time to maturity and market interest rates.

(5)			Included in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities and Other Liabilities. The Company determined the fair value of the contingent consideration liabilities using either a Monte Carlo simulation, Black-Scholes model, or probability-weighted analysis depending on the type of target included in the contingent consideration requirements (revenue, EBITDA, client retention). All analyses included estimated financial projections for the acquired businesses and acquisition-specific discount rates.
(6)			Included in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and valued based on a valuation model that calculates the differential between the contract price and the market-based forward rate.
(7)			The fair value of the mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest is based on the fair value of the underlying subsidiaries owned by GHC One and GHC Two, after taking into account any debt and other noncontrolling interests of its subsidiary investments. The fair value of the owned subsidiaries is determined using enterprise value analyses which include an equal weighing between guideline public company and discounted cash flow analyses.
(8)			Included in Other Liabilities. The Company utilized a market approach model using the notional amount of the interest rate swap multiplied by the observable inputs of time to maturity and market interest rates.

The following table provides a reconciliation of changes in the Company’s financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, using Level 3 inputs:


(in thousands)	Contingent consideration liabilities		Mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest
As of December 31, 2020	$	37,174	$	9,240
Acquisition of business	1,868		—
Changes in fair value (1)	(5,482)		4,077
Capital contributions	—		427
Accretion of value included in net income (1)	1,275		—
Settlements or distributions	(19,942)		(83)
Foreign currency exchange rate changes	(12)		—
As of December 31, 2021	14,881		13,661
Acquisition of business	397		—
Changes in fair value (1)	(6,672)		16,489
Capital contributions	—		1,018
Accretion of value included in net income (1)	1,567		—
Settlements or distributions	(1,750)		(323)

As of December 31, 2022	$	8,423	$	30,845

____________


(1)			Changes in fair value and accretion of value of contingent consideration liabilities are included in Selling, general and administrative expenses and the changes in fair value of mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest is included in Interest expense in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.

For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded goodwill and other long-lived asset impairment charges of $129.0 million, $32.9 million and $30.2 million, respectively (see Note 19). The remeasurement of goodwill and other long-lived assets is classified as a Level 3 fair value assessment due to the significance of unobservable inputs developed in the determination of the fair value. The Company used a discounted cash flow model to determine the estimated fair value of the reporting units, indefinite-lived intangible assets, and other long-lived assets. Where appropriate, a market value approach was also utilized to supplement the discounted cash flow model. The Company made estimates and assumptions regarding future cash flows, royalty rates, discount rates, market values, and long-term growth rates.

For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded gains of $6.9 million, $11.8 million, and $4.2 million, respectively, to equity securities that are accounted for as cost method investments based on observable transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2020, the Company recorded impairment losses of $1.3 million and $7.3 million, respectively, to equity securities that are accounted for as cost method investments.

For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded impairment charges of $6.6 million on one of its investments in affiliates and $3.6 million on two of its investments in affiliates, respectively (see Note 4).

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

+ References + Details

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue from Contracts with Customers

REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS

The Company generated 81%, 78% and 78% of its revenue from U.S. domestic sales in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The remaining 19%, 22%, and 22% of revenue was generated from non-U.S. sales.

In 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company recognized 58%, 67%, and 73%, respectively, of its revenue over time as control of the services and goods transferred to the customer. The remaining 42%, 33% and 27%, respectively, of revenue was recognized at a point in time, when the customer obtained control of the promised goods.

The determination of the method by which the Company measures its progress towards the satisfaction of its performance obligations requires judgment and is described in the Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Note 2).

In the second quarter of 2020, GHG received $7.4 million under the CARES Act as a general distribution from the Provider Relief Fund to provide relief for lost revenues and expenses incurred in connection with COVID-19. The healthcare revenues for the year ended December 31, 2020 includes $5.7 million for lost revenues related to COVID-19 (see Note 19).

Contract Assets. As of December 31, 2022, the Company recognized a contract asset of $26.3 million related to a contract at a Kaplan International business, which is included in Deferred Charges and Other Assets. The Company expects to recognize an additional $312.0 million related to the remaining performance obligation in the contract over the next seven years. As of December 31, 2021, the contract asset was $17.7 million.

Deferred Revenue. The Company records deferred revenue when cash payments are received or due in advance of the Company’s performance, including amounts which are refundable. The following table presents the change in the Company’s deferred revenue balance during the year ended December 31, 2022:


	As of December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021		% Change
Deferred revenue	$	385,507	$	363,065	6

In April 2020, GHG received $31.5 million under the expanded Medicare Accelerated and Advanced Payment Program modified by the CARES Act as a result of COVID-19. The Department of Health and Human Services began to recoup this advance 365 days after the payment was issued. The advance has been recouped in full as of December 31, 2022. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, GHG recognized $12.6 million and $18.9 million of the balance in revenue for claims submitted for eligible services, respectively.

The majority of the change in the deferred revenue balance is due to increased enrollment in the Kaplan International division as a result of recovery from COVID-19, offset by the advanced Medicare payment. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized $308.2 million from the Company’s deferred revenue balance as of December 31, 2021.

Revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations represents deferred revenue amounts that will be recognized as revenue in future periods. As of December 31, 2022, the deferred revenue balance related to certain medical and nursing qualifications with an original contract length greater than twelve months at Kaplan Supplemental Education was $7.2 million. Kaplan Supplemental Education expects to recognize 68% of this revenue over the next twelve months and the remainder thereafter.

Costs to Obtain a Contract. The following table presents changes in the Company’s costs to obtain a contract asset:


(in thousands)	Balance at Beginning of Year		Costs Associated with New Contracts		Less: Costs Amortized During the Year		Other		Balance at End of Year
2022	$	26,081	$	72,606	$	(66,064)	$	(976)	$	31,647
2021	24,363		61,214		(59,116)		(380)		26,081
2020	31,020		51,891		(58,855)		307		24,363

The majority of other activity was related to currency translation adjustments in 2022, 2021, and 2020.

- Definition

The entire disclosure of revenue from contract with customer to transfer good or service and to transfer nonfinancial asset. Includes, but is not limited to, disaggregation of revenue, credit loss recognized from contract with customer, judgment and change in judgment related to contract with customer, and asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer. Excludes insurance and lease contracts.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=49130388

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 10
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130551-203045

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (b)(2)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130556-203045

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130554-203045

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 9
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130550-203045

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (e)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130554-203045

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130554-203045

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (d)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130554-203045

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 15
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130558-203045

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (c)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126920106&loc=SL49130554-203045

+ Details

Capital Stock, Stock Awards, and Stock Options

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Capital Stock, Stock Awards, and Stock Options [Abstract]

Capital Stock, Stock Awards And Stock Options

CAPITAL STOCK, STOCK AWARDS AND STOCK OPTIONS

Capital Stock. Each share of Class A common stock and Class B common stock participates equally in dividends. The Class B stock has limited voting rights and as a class has the right to elect 30% of the Board of Directors; the Class A stock has unlimited voting rights, including the right to elect a majority of the Board of Directors.

During 2022, 2021, and 2020 the Company purchased a total of 121,761, 93,969, and 406,112 shares, respectively, of its Class B common stock at a cost of approximately $71.4 million, $55.7 million, and $161.8 million, respectively. On September 10, 2020, the Board of Directors authorized the Company to purchase up to 500,000 shares of its Class B Common Stock. The Company did not announce a ceiling price or time limit for the purchases. At December 31, 2022, the Company had remaining authorization from the Board of Directors to purchase up to 148,421 shares of Class B common stock.

Stock Awards. In 2012, the Company adopted an incentive compensation plan (the 2012 Plan), which, among other provisions, authorizes the awarding of Class B common stock to key employees in the form of stock awards, stock options and other awards involving the issuance of shares. Stock awards made under the 2012 Plan are primarily subject to the general restriction that stock awarded to a participant will be forfeited and revert to Company ownership if the participant’s employment terminates before the end of a specified period of service to the Company. At December 31, 2022, there were 206,323 shares reserved for issuance under the 2012 Plan, which were all subject to stock awards and stock options outstanding.

In 2022, the Company adopted a new incentive compensation plan (the 2022 Plan), which, among other provisions, authorizes the awarding of Class B common stock to key employees and non-employee Directors in the form of stock awards, stock options and other awards involving the issuance of shares. All stock awards, stock options and other awards involving the issuance of shares issued subsequent to the adoption of this plan are covered under this new incentive compensation plan. Stock awards made under the 2022 Plan are primarily subject to the general restriction that stock awarded to a participant will be forfeited and revert to Company ownership if the participant’s employment terminates before the end of a specified period of service to the Company. The number of Class B

common shares authorized for issuance under the 2022 Plan is 500,000 shares. At December 31, 2022, there were 499,655 shares reserved for issuance under the 2022 Plan, all of which were available for future awards.

Activity related to stock awards under these incentive compensation plans for the year ended December 31, 2022 was as follows:


	Number of Shares	Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Beginning of year, unvested	31,571	$	579.37
Awarded	1,221	605.49
Vested	(1,221)	605.49
Forfeited	(4,353)	576.45
End of Year, unvested	27,218	579.84

For the share awards outstanding at December 31, 2022, the aforementioned restriction is expected to lapse in 2023 for 11,120 shares, 2025 for 14,098 shares and 2027 for 2,000 shares. Also, early in 2023, the Company issued stock awards of 14,630 shares. Stock-based compensation costs resulting from Company stock awards were $3.4 million, $3.9 million and $4.1 million in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

As of December 31, 2022, there was $4.6 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to these awards. That cost is expected to be recognized on a straight-line basis over a weighted average period of 1.4 years.

Stock Options. Stock options granted under the incentive compensation plans cannot be less than the fair value on the grant date, generally vest over six years and have a maximum term of ten years.

Activity related to options outstanding for the year ended December 31, 2022 was as follows:


	Number of Shares	Average Option Price
Beginning of year	183,189	$	612.16
Granted	—	—
Exercised	(5,084)	357.35
Expired or forfeited	—	—
End of Year	178,105	619.44

Of the shares covered by options outstanding at the end of 2022, 126,264 are now exercisable; 13,211 are expected to become exercisable in 2023; 12,876 are expected to become exercisable in 2024; 12,877 are expected to become exercisable in 2025; and 12,877 are expected to become exercisable in 2026. For 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded expense of $1.2 million, $1.7 million and $2.2 million, respectively, related to stock options. Information related to stock options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2022, is as follows:


	Options Outstanding			Options Exercisable
Range of Exercise Prices	Shares Outstanding at 12/31/2022	Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)	Weighted Average Exercise Price	Shares Exercisable at 12/31/2022	Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)	Weighted Average Exercise Price

$427	74,105	7.7	426.86	22,599	7.7	426.86


719	77,258	1.8	719.15	77,258	1.8	719.15
805–872	26,742	3.0	865.02	26,407	2.9	865.26

	178,105	4.4	619.44	126,264	3.1	697.39

At December 31, 2022, the intrinsic value for all options outstanding, exercisable and unvested was $13.1 million, $4.0 million and $9.1 million, respectively. The intrinsic value of a stock option is the amount by which the market value of the underlying stock exceeds the exercise price of the option. The market value of the Company’s stock was $604.21 at December 31, 2022. At December 31, 2022, there were 51,841 unvested options related to this plan with an average exercise price of $429.57 and a weighted average remaining contractual term of 7.7 years. At December 31, 2021, there were 65,050 unvested options with an average exercise price of $431.16 and a weighted average remaining contractual term of 8.7 years.

As of December 31, 2022, total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to stock options was $4.4 million, which is expected to be recognized on a straight-line basis over a weighted average period of approximately 3.7 years. There were 5,084 options exercised during 2022. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during 2022 was $1.2 million; a tax benefit from these option exercises of $0.3 million was realized. There were no options

exercised during 2021. There were 77,258 options exercised during 2020. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during 2020 was $11.1 million; a tax benefit from these option exercises of $2.9 million was realized.

During 2020, the Company granted 77,258 options at an exercise price above the fair market value of its common stock at the date of grant. The weighted average grant-date fair value of options granted during 2020 was $93.79. No options were granted during 2022 or 2021.

The fair value of options at date of grant was estimated using the Black-Scholes method utilizing the following assumptions:


			2020
Expected life (years)			8
Interest rate			0.53%
Volatility			27.70%
Dividend yield			1.45%

Other Awards. In 2022, the Company granted a stock award to an executive officer that is subject to price-based vesting conditions. The stock award provides the executive officer the right to receive 1,000 shares of the Company’s Class B common stock each time the Company’s closing share price exceeds a certain share price target for a 90 consecutive day period; the award period expires on December 31, 2027. The grant date fair value of the stock award totaled $3.5 million, which was estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation. The grant date fair value is recognized over the derived service period of each tranche. No shares related to this award vested in 2022 and the Company recognized $1.3 million in stock-based compensation expense related to this award in 2022.

For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company recognized expense of $0.2 million related to the issuance and vesting of 345 shares to non-employee Directors under the 2022 Plan.

The Company also maintains a stock option plan at Kaplan. Under the provisions of this plan, options are issued with an exercise price equal to the estimated fair value of Kaplan’s common stock, and options vest ratably over the number of years specified (generally four to five years) at the time of the grant. Upon exercise, an option holder may receive Kaplan shares or cash equal to the difference between the exercise price and the then fair value.

At December 31, 2022, a Kaplan senior manager holds 7,206 Kaplan restricted shares. The fair value of Kaplan’s common stock is determined by the Company’s compensation committee of the Board of Directors, and in January 2023, the committee set the fair value price at $1,565 per share. No options were awarded during 2022, 2021, or 2020; no options were exercised during 2022, 2021 or 2020; and no options were outstanding at December 31, 2022.

Kaplan recorded stock compensation expense of $1.0 million and $1.3 million in 2022 and 2021, respectively, and a stock compensation credit of $1.1 million in 2020. At December 31, 2022, the Company’s accrual balance related to the Kaplan restricted shares totaled $11.3 million. There were no payouts in 2022, 2021 or 2020.

Earnings Per Share. The Company’s unvested restricted stock awards contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends and, therefore, are considered participating securities for purposes of computing earnings per share pursuant to the two-class method. The diluted earnings per share computed under the two-class method is lower than the diluted earnings per share computed under the treasury stock method, resulting in the presentation of the lower amount in diluted earnings per share. The computation of earnings per share under the two-class method excludes the income attributable to the unvested restricted stock awards from the numerator and excludes the dilutive impact of those underlying shares from the denominator.

The following reflects the Company’s net income and share data used in the basic and diluted earnings per share computations using the two-class method:


	Year Ended December 31
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	2022			2021			2020
Numerator:
Numerator for basic earnings per share:
Net income attributable to Graham Holdings Company common stockholders	$	67,079		$	352,075		$	300,365
Less: Dividends paid–common stock outstanding and unvested restricted shares	(30,712)			(30,136)			(29,970)
Undistributed earnings	36,367			321,939			270,395
Percent allocated to common stockholders	99.43		%	99.36		%	99.45		%
	36,160			319,867			268,917
Add: Dividends paid–common stock outstanding	30,540			29,946			29,812
Numerator for basic earnings per share	66,700			349,813			298,729
Add: Additional undistributed earnings due to dilutive stock options	—			5			4
Numerator for diluted earnings per share	$	66,700		$	349,818		$	298,733
Denominator:
Denominator for basic earnings per share:
Weighted average shares outstanding	4,823			4,951			5,124
Add: Effect of dilutive stock options	13			14			15
Denominator for diluted earnings per share	4,836			4,965			5,139
Graham Holdings Company Common Stockholders:
Basic earnings per share	$	13.83		$	70.65		$	58.30
Diluted earnings per share	$	13.79		$	70.45		$	58.13

____________

Earnings per share amounts may not recalculate due to rounding.

Diluted earnings per share excludes the following weighted average potential common shares, as the effect would be antidilutive, as computed under the treasury stock method:


	Year Ended December 31
(in thousands)	2022	2021	2020
Weighted average restricted stock	18	13	12

The 2022, 2021 and 2020 diluted earnings per share amounts exclude the effects of 105,000, 104,000 and 181,258 stock options and contingently issuable shares outstanding, respectively, as their inclusion would have been antidilutive due to a market condition.

In 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company declared regular dividends totaling $6.32, $6.04 and $5.80 per share, respectively.

Pensions and Other Postretirement Plans

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Retirement Benefits, Description [Abstract]

Pensions and Other Postretirement Plans

PENSIONS AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT PLANS

The Company maintains various pension and incentive savings plans and contributed to multiemployer plans on behalf of certain union-represented employee groups. Most of the Company’s employees are covered by these plans. The Company also provides healthcare and life insurance benefits to certain retired employees. These employees become eligible for benefits after meeting age and service requirements.

The Company uses a measurement date of December 31 for its pension and other postretirement benefit plans.

Defined Benefit Plans. The Company’s defined benefit pension plans consist of various pension plans and a Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (SERP) offered to certain executives of the Company.

In 2022, a new pension credit retention program was implemented by the Company for certain Graham Healthcare Group employees; the program offers a pension credit up to $50,000 per employee, cliff vested after three years of continuous employment for existing employees and new employees hired from January 1, 2022 through December 31, 2024. The Company recorded $10.5 million in pension service cost expense in 2022 related to this program.

In the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company recorded $3.6 million in expenses related to a Separation Incentive Program (SIP) for certain Kaplan employees, which was funded from the assets of the Company’s pension plans.

In the second quarter of 2021, the Company recorded $1.1 million in expenses related to a SIP for certain Dekko employees, which was funded from the assets of the Company’s pension plans.

In the second quarter of 2020, the Company recorded $6.0 million in expenses related to a SIP for certain Kaplan, Code3 and Decile employees, which was funded from the assets of the Company’s pension plans. In the third quarter of 2020, the Company recorded $7.8 million in expenses related to a SIP for certain Kaplan employees, which was funded from the assets of the Company’s pension plans.

The following table sets forth obligation, asset and funding information for the Company’s defined benefit pension plans:


	Pension Plans
	As of December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Change in Benefit Obligation
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	$	1,088,309	$	1,095,117
Service cost	32,567		22,991
Interest cost	30,504		26,917
Amendments	—		2
Actuarial (gain) loss	(219,466)		5,660

Benefits paid	(65,240)		(63,510)
Special termination benefits	3,624		1,132


Benefit Obligation at End of Year	$	870,298	$	1,088,309
Change in Plan Assets
Fair value of assets at beginning of year	$	3,394,823	$	2,803,422
Actual return on plan assets	(801,239)		654,911
Benefits paid	(65,240)		(63,510)

Fair Value of Assets at End of Year	$	2,528,344	$	3,394,823
Funded Status	$	1,658,046	$	2,306,514


	SERP
	As of December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Change in Benefit Obligation
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	$	112,706	$	122,299
Service cost	911		1,022
Interest cost	3,289		2,943

Actuarial gain	(20,956)		(7,640)
Benefits paid	(5,932)		(5,918)


Benefit Obligation at End of Year	$	90,018	$	112,706





Funded Status	$	(90,018)	$	(112,706)

The changes in the Company’s benefit obligations for the pension plans and SERP were primarily due to the recognition of an actuarial gain resulting from an increase to the discount rate used to measure the benefit obligation and benefits paid during the year.

The accumulated benefit obligation for the Company’s pension plans at December 31, 2022 and 2021, was $843.6 million and $1,052.7 million, respectively. The accumulated benefit obligation for the Company’s SERP at December 31, 2022 and 2021, was $88.0 million and $112.2 million, respectively. The amounts recognized in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets for its defined benefit pension plans are as follows:


	Pension Plans				SERP
	As of December 31				As of December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Noncurrent asset	$	1,658,046	$	2,306,514	$	—	$	—

Current liability	—		—		(6,570)		(6,334)
Noncurrent liability	—		—		(83,448)		(106,372)
Recognized Asset (Liability)	$	1,658,046	$	2,306,514	$	(90,018)	$	(112,706)

Key assumptions utilized for determining the benefit obligation are as follows:


	Pension Plans		SERP
	As of December 31		As of December 31
	2022	2021	2022	2021
Discount rate	5.5%	2.9%	5.5%	2.9%
Rate of compensation increase – age graded	5.0%–1.0%	5.0%–1.0%	5.0%–1.0%	5.0%–1.0%
Cash balance interest crediting rate	4.28% with phase in to 5.50% in 2025	1.41% with phase in to 2.90% in 2024	—	—

The Company made no contributions to its pension plans in 2022 and 2021, and the Company does not expect to make any contributions in 2023. The SERP is unfunded, therefore, the Company made actual benefit payments of $5.9 million to beneficiaries in each of the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

At December 31, 2022, future estimated benefit payments, excluding charges for early retirement programs, are as follows:


(in thousands)	Pension Plans		SERP
2023	$	60,164	$	6,748
2024	61,225		6,999
2025	67,838		7,244
2026	66,898		7,413
2027	68,227		7,452
2028–2032	334,626		36,725

The total (benefit) cost arising from the Company’s defined benefit pension plans consists of the following components:


	Pension Plans
	Year Ended December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020
Service cost	$	32,567	$	22,991	$	22,656
Interest cost	30,504		26,917		32,587
Expected return on assets	(167,485)		(137,878)		(113,427)

Amortization of prior service cost	2,835		2,846		2,830
Recognized actuarial gain	(68,656)		(7,906)		—
Net Periodic Benefit for the Year	(170,235)		(93,030)		(55,354)


Special separation benefit expense	3,624		1,132		13,781


Total Benefit for the Year	$	(166,611)	$	(91,898)	$	(41,573)
Other Changes in Plan Assets and Benefit Obligations Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income
Current year actuarial loss (gain)	$	749,258	$	(511,373)	$	(371,621)
Current year prior service cost	—		2		69
Amortization of prior service cost	(2,835)		(2,846)		(2,830)
Recognized net actuarial gain	68,656		7,906		—

Total Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Before Tax Effects)	$	815,079	$	(506,311)	$	(374,382)
Total Recognized in Total Benefit and Other Comprehensive Income (Before Tax Effects)	$	648,468	$	(598,209)	$	(415,955)


	SERP
	Year Ended December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020
Service cost	$	911	$	1,022	$	954
Interest cost	3,289		2,943		3,678



Amortization of prior service cost	36		331		331
Recognized actuarial loss	666		5,930		5,267



Total Cost for the Year	$	4,902	$	10,226	$	10,230
Other Changes in Benefit Obligations Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income
Current year actuarial (gain) loss	$	(20,956)	$	(7,640)	$	7,448

Amortization of prior service cost	(36)		(331)		(331)
Recognized net actuarial loss	(666)		(5,930)		(5,267)


Total Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Before Tax Effects)	$	(21,658)	$	(13,901)	$	1,850
Total Recognized in Total Cost and Other Comprehensive Income (Before Tax Effects)	$	(16,756)	$	(3,675)	$	12,080

The costs for the Company’s defined benefit pension plans are actuarially determined. Below are the key assumptions utilized to determine periodic cost:


	Pension Plans			SERP
	Year Ended December 31			Year Ended December 31
	2022	2021	2020	2022	2021	2020
Discount rate	2.9%	2.5%	3.3%	2.9%	2.5%	3.3%
Expected return on plan assets	6.25%	6.25%	6.25%	—	—	—
Rate of compensation increase – age graded	5.0%–1.0%	5.0%–1.0%	5.0%–1.0%	5.0%–1.0%	5.0%–1.0%	5.0%–1.0%
Cash balance interest crediting rate	1.41% with phase in to 2.90% in 2024	1.41% with phase in to 2.50% in 2023	2.77% with phase in to 3.30% in 2022	—	—	—

Accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) includes the following components of unrecognized net periodic cost for the defined benefit plans:


	Pension Plans				SERP
	As of December 31				As of December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Unrecognized actuarial (gain) loss	$	(524,709)	$	(1,342,623)	$	(2,511)	$	19,111
Unrecognized prior service cost	1,676		4,511		—		36

Gross Amount	(523,033)		(1,338,112)		(2,511)		19,147
Deferred tax liability (asset)	145,430		355,078		230		(5,340)
Net Amount	$	(377,603)	$	(983,034)	$	(2,281)	$	13,807

Defined Benefit Plan Assets. The Company’s defined benefit pension obligations are funded by a portfolio made up of private investment funds, a U.S. stock index fund, and a relatively small number of stocks and high-quality fixed-income securities that are held by a third-party trustee. The assets of the Company’s pension plans were allocated as follows:


	As of December 31
	2022		2021
U.S. equities	59	%	61	%
Private investment funds	16	%	17	%
International equities	11	%	9	%
U.S. stock index fund	7	%	9	%
U.S. fixed income	7	%	4	%
	100	%	100	%

The Company manages approximately 41% of the pension assets internally, of which the majority is invested in private investment funds with the remaining investments in Berkshire Hathaway stock, a U.S. stock index fund, and short-term fixed-income securities. The remaining 59% of plan assets are managed by two investment companies. The goal of the investment managers is to produce moderate long-term growth in the value of these assets, while protecting them against large decreases in value. Both investment managers may invest in a combination of equity and fixed-income securities and cash. The managers are not permitted to invest in securities of the Company or in alternative investments. One investment manager cannot invest more than 15% of the assets at the time of

purchase in the stock of Alphabet and Berkshire Hathaway, and no more than 30% of the assets it manages in specified international exchanges at the time the investment is made. The other investment manager cannot invest more than 20% of the assets at the time of purchase in the stock of Berkshire Hathaway, and no more than 15% of the assets it manages in specified international exchanges at the time the investment is made, and no less than 10% of the assets could be invested in fixed-income securities. Excluding the exceptions noted above, the investment managers cannot invest more than 10% of the assets in the securities of any other single issuer, except for obligations of the U.S. Government, without receiving prior approval from the Plan administrator.

In determining the expected rate of return on plan assets, the Company considers the relative weighting of plan assets, the historical performance of total plan assets and individual asset classes and economic and other indicators of future performance. In addition, the Company may consult with and consider the input of financial and other professionals in developing appropriate return benchmarks.

The Company evaluated its defined benefit pension plan asset portfolio for the existence of significant concentrations (defined as greater than 10% of plan assets) of credit risk as of December 31, 2022. Types of concentrations that were evaluated include, but are not limited to, investment concentrations in a single entity, type of industry, foreign country and individual fund. At December 31, 2022, the pension plan held investments in one common stock and one private investment fund that exceeded 10% of total plan assets, valued at $842.6 million, or approximately 33% of total plan assets. At December 31, 2021, the pension plan held investments in one common stock and one private investment fund that exceeded 10% of total plan assets, valued at $998.8 million, or approximately 29% of total plan assets.

The Company’s pension plan assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows:


	As of December 31, 2022
(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents	$	1,980	$	—	$	—	$	1,980
Equity securities
U.S. equities (1)	1,507,609		—		—		1,507,609
International equities (2)	270,872		—		—		270,872






Total Investments	$	1,780,461	$	—	$	—	$	1,780,461
Short-term investment funds measured at NAV (3)							170,062
Private investment funds measured at NAV (4)							406,600
U.S. stock index fund measured at NAV (5)							168,532
Receivables, net							2,689
Total							$	2,528,344


	As of December 31, 2021
(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents	$	2,159	$	—	$	—	$	2,159
Equity securities
U.S. equities (1)	2,067,152		—		—		2,067,152
International equities (2)	301,640		—		—		301,640





Total Investments	$	2,370,951	$	—	$	—	$	2,370,951
Short-term investment funds measured at NAV (3)							145,683
Private investment funds measured at NAV (4)							573,970
U.S. stock index fund measured at NAV (5)							302,478
Receivables, net							1,741
Total							$	3,394,823

____________


(1)			U.S. equities. These investments are held in common and preferred stock of U.S. corporations and American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) traded on U.S. exchanges. Common and preferred shares and ADRs are traded actively on exchanges, and price quotes for these shares are readily available. These investments are classified as Level 1 in the valuation hierarchy.
(2)			International equities. These investments are held in common and preferred stock issued by non-U.S. corporations. Common and preferred shares are traded actively on exchanges, and price quotes for these shares are readily available. These investments are classified as Level 1 in the valuation hierarchy.
(3)			Short-term investment funds. These investments include commingled funds that are primarily held in U.S. Treasury securities. The funds are valued using the net asset value (NAV) provided by the administrator of the funds and reviewed by the Company.
(4)			Private investment funds. This category includes a commingled fund and a private investment fund. The commingled fund invests in a diversified mix of publicly traded securities (U.S. and international stocks) and private companies. The private investment fund invests in non-public companies. The funds are valued using the NAV provided by the administrator of the funds and reviewed by the Company. The NAV is based on the value of the underlying assets owned by the fund, minus liabilities and divided by the number of units outstanding.

(5)			U.S. stock index fund. This fund consists of investments held in common stock, plus an uninvested cash portion comprising less than 1% of fund value, that together are designed to track the performance of the S&P 500 Index. The fund is valued using the NAV provided by the administrator of the fund and reviewed by the Company. The NAV is based on the value of the underlying assets owned by the fund, minus liabilities and divided by the number of units outstanding.

The following table sets forth a summary of the Plan’s investments with a reported NAV:


(in thousands)	Fair Value		Unfunded Commitment		Redemption Frequency	Other Redemption Restriction	Redemption Notice Period
Short-term investment funds
2022	$	170,062	$	—	Immediate	None	None
2021	$	145,683	$	—	Immediate	None	None
Private investment funds
2022	$	406,600	$	20,673	(1)	(1)	90 days
2021	$	573,970	$	26,088	(1)	(1)	90 days
U.S. stock index fund
2022	$	168,532	$	—	Immediate	None	1 day
2021	$	302,478	$	—	Immediate	None	1 day

____________


(1)			Five percent of the NAV of the investment in the commingled fund may be redeemed annually starting at the 12-month anniversary of the investment, subject to certain limitations. Additionally, the investment in the commingled fund may be redeemed in part, or in full, at the 60-month anniversary of the investment, or at any subsequent 36-month anniversary date following the initial 60-month anniversary. The investment in the private investment fund is generally not redeemable until the dissolution of the fund.

Other Postretirement Plans. The following table sets forth obligation, asset and funding information for the Company’s other postretirement plans:


	Postretirement Plans
	As of December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Change in Benefit Obligation
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	$	4,722	$	5,587

Interest cost	98		92

Actuarial gain	(1,205)		(582)

Benefits paid, net of Medicare subsidy	(215)		(375)
Benefit Obligation at End of Year	$	3,400	$	4,722





Funded Status	$	(3,400)	$	(4,722)

The change in the benefit obligation for the Company’s other postretirement plans was due to updated claims experience based on actual premium rates, the recognition of an actuarial gain resulting from an increase to the discount rate used to measure the benefit obligation, and benefits paid during the year.

The amounts recognized in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets for its other postretirement plans are as follows:


	Postretirement Plans
	As of December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Current liability	$	(541)	$	(671)
Noncurrent liability	(2,859)		(4,051)
Recognized Liability	$	(3,400)	$	(4,722)

The discount rates utilized for determining the benefit obligation at December 31, 2022 and 2021, for the postretirement plans were 4.76% and 2.23%, respectively. The assumed healthcare cost trend rate used in measuring the postretirement benefit obligation at December 31, 2022, was 6.75% for pre-age 65, decreasing to 4.5% in the year 2032 and thereafter. The assumed healthcare cost trend rate used in measuring the postretirement benefit obligation at December 31, 2022, was 6.92% for post-age 65, decreasing to 4.5% in the year 2032 and thereafter. The assumed healthcare cost trend rate used in measuring the postretirement benefit obligation at December 31, 2022, was 8.00% for Medicare Advantage, decreasing to 4.5% in the year 2032 and thereafter.

The Company’s postretirement benefit plans are unfunded, therefore, the Company made actual benefit payments of $0.2 million and $0.4 million to beneficiaries for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

At December 31, 2022, future estimated benefit payments are as follows:


(in thousands)	Postretirement Plans
2023	$	541
2024	$	468
2025	$	382
2026	$	341
2027	$	322
2028–2032	$	2,054

The total benefit arising from the Company’s other postretirement plans consists of the following components:


	Postretirement Plans
	Year Ended December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020

Interest cost	$	98	$	92	$	167


Amortization of prior service credit	(7)		(7)		(481)
Recognized actuarial gain	(2,843)		(3,510)		(4,048)
Net Periodic Benefit for the Year	(2,752)		(3,425)		(4,362)

Settlement	—		(120)		—
Total Benefit for the Year	$	(2,752)	$	(3,545)	$	(4,362)
Other Changes in Benefit Obligations Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income
Current year actuarial gain	$	(1,205)	$	(582)	$	(991)

Amortization of prior service credit	7		7		481
Recognized actuarial gain	2,843		3,510		4,048
Settlement	—		120		—
Total Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Before Tax Effects)	$	1,645	$	3,055	$	3,538
Total Recognized in Benefit and Other Comprehensive Income (Before Tax Effects)	$	(1,107)	$	(490)	$	(824)

The costs for the Company’s postretirement plans are actuarially determined. The discount rate utilized to determine periodic cost for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 were 2.23%, 1.78% and 2.68%. AOCI included the following components of unrecognized net periodic benefit for the postretirement plans:


	As of December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Unrecognized actuarial gain	$	(12,004)	$	(13,642)
Unrecognized prior service credit	(5)		(12)
Gross Amount	(12,009)		(13,654)
Deferred tax liability	3,302		3,724
Net Amount	$	(8,707)	$	(9,930)

Multiemployer Pension Plans. In 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company contributed to one multiemployer defined benefit pension plan under the terms of a collective-bargaining agreement that covered certain union-represented employees. The Company’s total contributions to the multiemployer pension plan amounted to $0.1 million in each year for 2022, 2021 and 2020.

Savings Plans. The Company recorded expense associated with retirement benefits provided under incentive savings plans (primarily 401(k) plans) of approximately $11.6 million in 2022, $10.9 million in 2021 and $8.8 million in 2020.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for retirement benefits.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Section 55
-Paragraph 17
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123450688&loc=d3e4179-114921

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 715
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2235017

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
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Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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+ Details

Other Non-Operating Income

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Other Nonoperating Income (Expense) [Abstract]

Other Non-Operating Income

OTHER NON-OPERATING INCOME

A summary of non-operating income is as follows:


	Year Ended December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020
Net gain on sale of businesses	$	22,679	$	3,789	$	213,302
Net gain on cost method investments	6,883		11,756		4,209
Gain on sale of cost method investments	3,294		9,355		1,039
Foreign currency loss, net	(2,023)		(179)		(2,153)
Impairment of cost method investments	(1,305)		—		(7,327)
Gain on acquiring a controlling interest in an equity affiliate	—		—		3,708
Gain on sale of investment in affiliates	604		—		1,370



Other, net	3,368		7,833		386
Total Other Non-Operating Income	$	33,500	$	32,554	$	214,534

The gains on cost method investments result from observable price changes in the fair value of the underlying equity securities accounted for under the cost method (see Notes 4 and 12).

For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded contingent consideration gains of $4.3 million, $3.9 million and $3.5 million, respectively, related to the disposition of Kaplan University (KU) in 2018.

In the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company recorded an $18.4 million gain related to the CyberVista transaction (see Notes 3 and 4). The Company used a market approach to determine the fair value of the noncontrolling financial interest retained in CyberVista through its interest in N2K Networks.

In the second quarter of 2020, the Company made an additional investment in Framebridge (see Notes 3 and 4) that resulted in the Company obtaining control of the investee. The Company remeasured its previously held equity interest in Framebridge at the acquisition-date fair value and recorded a gain of $3.7 million. The fair value was determined using a market approach by using the share value indicated in the transaction.

In the fourth quarter of 2020, the Company recorded a $209.8 million gain on the sale of Megaphone.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract]

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

The other comprehensive (loss) income consists of the following components:


	Year Ended December 31, 2022
	Before-Tax		Income		After-Tax
(in thousands)	Amount		Tax		Amount
Foreign currency translation adjustments:


Translation adjustments arising during the year	$	(48,340)	$	—	$	(48,340)




Pension and other postretirement plans:
Actuarial loss	(727,097)		187,018		(540,079)

Amortization of net actuarial gain included in net income	(70,833)		18,219		(52,614)
Amortization of net prior service cost included in net income	2,864		(737)		2,127




	(795,066)		204,500		(590,566)
Cash flow hedges:
Gain for the year	4,765		(1,096)		3,669
Other Comprehensive Loss	$	(838,641)	$	203,404	$	(635,237)


	Year Ended December 31, 2021
	Before-Tax		Income		After-Tax
(in thousands)	Amount		Tax		Amount
Foreign currency translation adjustments:


Translation adjustments arising during the year	$	(16,052)	$	—	$	(16,052)




Pension and other postretirement plans:
Actuarial gain	519,595		(133,915)		385,680
Prior service cost	(2)		1		(1)
Amortization of net actuarial gain included in net income	(5,486)		1,414		(4,072)
Amortization of net prior service cost included in net income	3,170		(817)		2,353

Settlement included in net income	(120)		30		(90)


	517,157		(133,287)		383,870
Cash flow hedge:
Gain for the year	349		(93)		256
Other Comprehensive Income	$	501,454	$	(133,380)	$	368,074


	Year Ended December 31, 2020
	Before-Tax		Income		After-Tax
(in thousands)	Amount		Tax		Amount
Foreign currency translation adjustments:


Translation adjustments arising during the year	$	31,642	$	—	$	31,642
Pension and other postretirement plans:
Actuarial gain	365,164		(98,594)		266,570
Prior service cost	(69)		19		(50)
Amortization of net actuarial loss included in net income	1,219		(329)		890
Amortization of net prior service cost included in net income	2,680		(724)		1,956



	368,994		(99,628)		269,366
Cash flow hedges:
Loss for the year	(1,282)		293		(989)
Other Comprehensive Income	$	399,354	$	(99,335)	$	300,019

The accumulated balances related to each component of other comprehensive income (loss) are as follows:


(in thousands, net of taxes)	Cumulative Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment		Unrealized Gain on Pensions and Other Postretirement Plans		Cash Flow Hedges		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
As of December 31, 2020	$	9,754	$	595,287	$	(1,727)	$	603,314
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(16,052)		385,679		(375)		369,252
Net amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	—		(1,809)		631		(1,178)
Net other comprehensive income (loss)	(16,052)		383,870		256		368,074

As of December 31, 2021	(6,298)		979,157		(1,471)		971,388

Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(48,340)		(540,079)		3,276		(585,143)
Net amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	—		(50,487)		393		(50,094)
Net other comprehensive income (loss)	(48,340)		(590,566)		3,669		(635,237)

As of December 31, 2022	$	(54,638)	$	388,591	$	2,198	$	336,151

The amounts and line items of reclassifications out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) are as follows:


	Year Ended December 31						Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020






Pension and Other Postretirement Plans:


Amortization of net actuarial (gain) loss	$	(70,833)	$	(5,486)	$	1,219	(1)
Amortization of net prior service cost	2,864		3,170		2,680		(1)

Settlement gains	—		(120)		—		(1)


	(67,969)		(2,436)		3,899		Before tax
	17,482		627		(1,053)		Provision for income taxes
	(50,487)		(1,809)		2,846		Net of tax
Cash Flow Hedges
	393		631		474		Interest expense
	—		—		13		Provision for income taxes
	393		631		487		Net of tax
Total reclassification for the year	$	(50,094)	$	(1,178)	$	3,333	Net of tax

____________

(1) These accumulated other comprehensive income components are included in the computation of net periodic pension and postretirement plan cost (see Note 15) and are included in non-operating pension and postretirement benefit income in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Contingencies and Other Commitments	12 Months Ended
Contingencies and Other Commitments	Dec. 31, 2022
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Contingencies and Other Commitments	CONTINGENCIES AND OTHER COMMITMENTS Litigation, Legal and Other Matters. The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to complaints and administrative proceedings and are defendants in various civil lawsuits that have arisen in the ordinary course of their businesses, including contract disputes; actions alleging negligence, libel, defamation and invasion of privacy; trademark, copyright and patent infringement; violations of employment laws and applicable wage and hour laws; and statutory or common law claims involving current and former students and employees. Although the outcomes of the legal claims and proceedings against the Company cannot be predicted with certainty, based on currently available information, management believes that there are no existing claims or proceedings that are likely to have a material effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. However, based on currently available information, management believes it is reasonably possible that future losses from existing and threatened legal, regulatory and other proceedings in excess of the amounts recorded could reach approximately $15 million. In 2015, Kaplan sold substantially all of the assets of the KHE Campuses (KHEC) business to Education Corporation of America. In 2018, certain subsidiaries of Kaplan contributed the institutional assets and operations of KU to a new university: an Indiana nonprofit, public-benefit corporation affiliated with Purdue University, known as Purdue University Global. Kaplan could be held liable to the current owners of KU and the KHEC schools related to the pre-sale conduct of the schools, and the pre-sale conduct of the schools has been and could be the subject of future compliance reviews, regulatory proceedings or lawsuits that could result in monetary liabilities or fines or other sanctions. On May 6, 2021, Kaplan received a notice from the Department of Education (ED) that it would be conducting a fact-finding process pursuant to the borrower defense to repayment (BDTR) regulations to determine the validity of more than 800 BDTR claims and a request for documents related to several of Kaplan’s previously owned schools. Beginning in July 2021, Kaplan started receiving the claims and related information requests. In total, Kaplan received 1,449 borrower defense applications that seek discharge of approximately $35 million in loans, excluding interest. Most claims received are from former KU students. The ED’s process for adjudicating these claims is subject to the borrower defense regulations including those finalized in 2022 and effective July 1, 2023, but it is not clear to what extent the ED will exclude claims based on the underlying statutes of limitations, evidence provided by Kaplan, or any prior investigation related to schools attended by the student applicants. Compared to the previous rule, the new rule in part, expands actions that can give rise to claims for discharge; provides that the borrower’s claim will be presumed true if the institution does not provide any responsive evidence; provides an easier process for group claims; and relies on current program review penalty hearing processes for discharge recoupment. Under the rule, the recoupment process applies only to loans first disbursed after July 1, 2023; however, the discharge process and standards apply to any pending application regardless of loan date. Kaplan believes it has defenses that would bar any student discharge or school liability including that the claims are barred by the applicable statute of limitations, unproven, incomplete and fail to meet regulatory filing requirements. Kaplan expects to vigorously defend any attempt by the ED to hold Kaplan liable for any ultimate student discharges and has responded to all claims with documentary and narrative evidence to refute the allegations, demonstrate their lack of merit, and support the denial of all such claims by the ED. If the claims are successful, the ED may seek reimbursement for the amount discharged from Kaplan. If the ED initiates a reimbursement action against Kaplan following approval of former students’ BDTR applications, Kaplan may be subject to significant liability. In November 2022 the Northern District of California approved the settlement agreement in the lawsuit Sweet v. Cardona. The Plaintiffs in that lawsuit claimed that the ED failed to properly consider and decide pending BDTR claims. As part of the settlement, the ED agreed to discharge loans of borrowers who attended 150 specific schools, including all schools formerly owned by Kaplan, and who had BDTR claims pending as of the June 22, 2022 settlement execution date. This discharge will likely cover each of the 1,449 applications the ED sent to Kaplan and to which Kaplan responded. The ED and the Court made clear that these discharges as part of a settlement are not determinations that the pending BDTR claims are valid and the fact of the settlement discharge cannot be used as evidence of any determination of wrongdoing by the institutions. However, despite the fact that the loans are discharged per the settlement, the ED may still attempt to separately adjudicate the associated BDTR claims and follow the regulatory process for seeking recoupment from the institutions for such claims. On October 27, 2022, the ED released a final rule that among other things, changes the Title IV definition of “Nonprofit” institution to generally exclude from that definition any institution that is an obligor on a debt owed to a former owner of the institution or that maintains a revenue-based service agreement with a former owner of the institution. The final rule has an effective date of July 1, 2023 and could subject Purdue Global to additional regulatory requirements. In August 2018, Purdue University Global received an updated Provisional Program Participation Agreement (PPPA) from the ED which is necessary for continued participation in the federal Title IV programs after the change in ownership from Kaplan to Purdue. The PPPA expired on June 30, 2021 but was extended to June 30, 2022. In August 2022, Purdue University Global received an extended PPPA that is effective through June 30, 2024. Under the extended PPPA, among other restrictions, Purdue University Global must also report information related to known governmental investigations and student complaints on a quarterly basis to the ED. In June 2021, the Committee for Private Education (CPE) in Singapore instructed Kaplan Singapore to cease new enrollments for three marketing diploma programs on both a full and part-time basis due to noncompliance with minimum entry level requirements for admission and to teach out existing students in these programs. On August 23, 2021, the CPE issued the same instructions with respect to the Kaplan Foundation diploma and four information technology diploma programs on both a full and part-time basis. In November 2021, the CPE issued the same instructions with respect to a further 23 full-time or part-time diploma programs. Kaplan Singapore successfully applied for re-registration of certain diploma and additional full-time and part-time programs in 2022. In May 2022, CPE also renewed Kaplan Singapore’s registrations as a private education institution for a four year period expiring in 2026. In 2023, Kaplan Singapore will apply to renew the certification required for private education institutions to enroll international students and offer certain programs. As enrollments in diploma programs and undergraduate degree programs are not yet at levels existing prior to the regulatory action by the CPE in 2021, the impact of such regulatory actions will continue to have an adverse impact on Kaplan Singapore’s revenues, operating results and cash flows in the future while enrollment levels stabilize. Other Commitments. The Company’s broadcast subsidiaries are parties to certain agreements that commit them to purchase programming to be produced in future years. At December 31, 2022, such commitments amounted to approximately $17.3 million. If such programs are not produced, the Company’s commitment would expire without obligation.

Business Segments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Business Segments

BUSINESS SEGMENTS

Basis of Presentation. The Company’s organizational structure is based on a number of factors that management uses to evaluate, view and run its business operations, which include, but are not limited to, customers, the nature of products and services and use of resources. The business segments disclosed in the Consolidated Financial Statements are based on this organizational structure and information reviewed by the Company’s management to evaluate the business segment results. The Company has seven reportable segments: Kaplan International, Kaplan Higher Education, Kaplan Supplemental Education, Television Broadcasting, Manufacturing, Healthcare and Automotive.

The Company evaluates segment performance based on operating income before amortization of intangible assets and impairment of goodwill and other long-lived assets. The accounting policies at the segments are the same as described in Note 2. In computing operating income before amortization by segment, the effects of amortization of intangible assets, impairment of goodwill and other long-lived assets, equity in earnings (losses) of affiliates, interest income, interest expense, non-operating pension and postretirement benefit income, other non-operating income and expense items and income taxes are excluded. Intersegment sales are not material.

Identifiable assets by segment are those assets used in the Company’s operations in each business segment. The investments in marketable equity securities and affiliates, and prepaid pension cost are not included in identifiable assets by segment. Investments in marketable equity securities are discussed in Note 4.

Education. Education products and services are provided by Kaplan, Inc. Kaplan International includes professional training and postsecondary education businesses largely outside the U.S., as well as English-language

programs. KHE includes the results as a service provider to higher education institutions. Supplemental Education includes Kaplan’s standardized test preparation, domestic professional and other continuing education businesses.

As of December 31, 2022, Kaplan had a total outstanding accounts receivable balance of $90.0 million from Purdue Global related to amounts due for reimbursements for services, fees earned and a deferred fee. Included in this total, Kaplan has a $19.4 million long-term receivable balance due from Purdue Global at December 31, 2022, related to the advance of $20.0 million during the initial KU Transaction.

Television Broadcasting. Television broadcasting operations are conducted through seven television stations serving the Detroit, Houston, San Antonio, Orlando, Jacksonville and Roanoke television markets. All stations are network-affiliated (except for WJXT in Jacksonville), with revenues derived primarily from sales of advertising time. In addition, the stations generate revenue from retransmission consent agreements for the right to carry their signals.

Manufacturing. Manufacturing operations include Hoover, a Thomson, GA-based supplier of pressure impregnated kiln-dried lumber and plywood products for fire retardant and preservative application; Dekko, a Garrett, IN-based manufacturer of electrical workspace solutions, architectural lighting, and electrical components and assemblies; Joyce/Dayton Corp., a Dayton, OH-based manufacturer of screw jacks and other linear motion systems; and Forney, a global supplier of products and systems that control and monitor combustion processes in electric utility and industrial applications.

Healthcare. Graham Healthcare Group provides home health, hospice and palliative services. GHG also provides other healthcare services, including nursing care and prescription services for patients receiving in-home infusion treatments, ABA therapy clinics, physician services for allergy, asthma and immunology patients, in-home aesthetics and healthcare software-as-a-service technology.

Automotive. Automotive includes six automotive dealerships in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area, including Lexus of Rockville, Honda of Tysons Corner, Jeep of Bethesda, Ford of Manassas, which was acquired in December 2021, and Toyota of Woodbridge and Chrysler-Dodge-Jeep-Ram of Woodbridge, which were acquired in July 2022.

Other Businesses. Other businesses includes the following:

•Leaf Group, a consumer internet company, which was acquired in June 2021.

•Clyde’s Restaurant Group owns and operates 11 restaurants and entertainment venues in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area.

•Framebridge, a custom framing service company, which was acquired in May 2020.

•Code3 is a marketing and insights company that manages digital advertising campaigns.

•The Slate Group and Foreign Policy Group, which publish online and print magazines and websites; and three investment stage businesses, Decile, Pinna and City Cast. Other businesses also includes Megaphone, which was sold in December 2020, and CyberVista, which merged with another entity in October 2022 resulting in the deconsolidation of the subsidiary.

Corporate Office. Corporate office includes the expenses of the Company’s corporate office, defined benefit pension expense, and certain continuing obligations related to prior business dispositions.

Geographical Information. The Company’s non-U.S. revenues in 2022, 2021 and 2020 totaled approximately $776 million, $709 million and $642 million, respectively, primarily from Kaplan’s operations outside the U.S. Additionally, revenues in 2022, 2021 and 2020 totaled approximately $448 million, $404 million, and $375 million, respectively, from Kaplan’s operations in the U.K. The Company’s long-lived assets in non-U.S. countries (excluding goodwill and other intangible assets), totaled approximately $477 million and $476 million at December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Restructuring. During 2020, Kaplan developed and implemented a number of initiatives across its businesses to help mitigate the negative revenue impact arising from COVID-19 and to re-align its program offerings to better pursue opportunities from the disruption. These initiatives include employee salary and work-hour reductions; temporary furlough and other employee reductions; reduced discretionary spending; facility restructuring to reduce its classroom and office facilities; reduced capital expenditures; and accelerated development and promotion of various online programs and solutions.

In 2020, Kaplan recorded restructuring costs related to severance, the exit of classroom and office facilities, and approved Separation Incentive Programs that reduced the number of employees at all of Kaplan’s divisions.

In 2020, Code3 and Decile recorded restructuring costs in connection with a restructuring plan that included the exit of an office facility, an approved Separation Incentive Program to reduce the number of employees, and other cost reduction initiatives to mitigate the adverse impact of COVID-19 on advertising demand.

Restructuring related costs across all businesses in 2020 were recorded as follows:


(in thousands)	Kaplan International		Higher Education		Supplemental Education		Kaplan Corporate		Total Education		Other Businesses		Total
Severance	$	4,366	$	—	$	1,797	$	—	$	6,163	$	—	$	6,163
Facility related costs:
Operating lease cost	2,905		3,451		3,586		—		9,942		—		9,942
Accelerated depreciation of property, plant and equipment	1,620		152		1,801		—		3,573		—		3,573
Total Restructuring Costs Included in Segment Income (Loss) from Operations (1)	$	8,891	$	3,603	$	7,184	$	—	$	19,678	$	—	$	19,678
Impairment of other long-lived assets:
Lease right-of-use assets	$	3,976	$	2,062	$	4,005	$	—	$	10,043	$	1,405	$	11,448
Property, plant and equipment	1,248		174		813		—		2,235		86		2,321
Non-operating pension and postretirement benefit income, net	1,100		2,233		8,566		883		12,782		999		13,781
Total Restructuring Related Costs	$	15,215	$	8,072	$	20,568	$	883	$	44,738	$	2,490	$	47,228

(1) These amounts are included in the segments’ Income (Loss) from Operations before Amortization of Intangible Assets and Impairment of Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets.

Total accrued restructuring costs at Kaplan was $1.2 million as of December 31, 2021.

In June 2020, CRG made the decision to close its restaurant and entertainment venue in Columbia, MD effective July 19, 2020 and recorded accelerated depreciation of property, plant and equipment totaling $5.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Company information broken down by operating segment and education division:


	Year Ended December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020
Operating Revenues
Education	$	1,427,915	$	1,361,245	$	1,305,713
Television broadcasting	535,651		494,177		525,212
Manufacturing	486,643		458,125		416,137
Healthcare	326,000		223,030		198,196
Automotive	734,185		327,069		258,144
Other businesses	416,084		324,353		187,347
Corporate office	—		—		—
Intersegment elimination	(1,985)		(2,025)		(1,628)
	$	3,924,493	$	3,185,974	$	2,889,121
Income (Loss) from Operations before Amortization of Intangible Assets and Impairment of Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets
Education	$	99,103	$	69,892	$	41,056
Television broadcasting	207,319		154,862		199,938
Manufacturing	54,079		36,926		40,427
Healthcare	19,041		29,912		30,327
Automotive	34,633		11,771		502
Other businesses	(86,270)		(76,153)		(72,915)
Corporate office	(56,166)		(59,025)		(51,978)
	$	271,739	$	168,185	$	187,357
Amortization of Intangible Assets and Impairment of Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets
Education	$	16,170	$	19,319	$	29,452
Television broadcasting	5,440		5,440		5,440
Manufacturing	20,372		52,974		28,099
Healthcare	3,776		3,106		4,220
Automotive	—		—		6,698
Other businesses	142,083		9,971		13,041
Corporate office	—		—		—
	$	187,841	$	90,810	$	86,950
Income (Loss) from Operations
Education	$	82,933	$	50,573	$	11,604
Television broadcasting	201,879		149,422		194,498
Manufacturing	33,707		(16,048)		12,328
Healthcare	15,265		26,806		26,107
Automotive	34,633		11,771		(6,196)
Other businesses	(228,353)		(86,124)		(85,956)
Corporate office	(56,166)		(59,025)		(51,978)
	$	83,898	$	77,375	$	100,407
Equity in (Losses) Earnings of Affiliates, Net	(2,837)		17,914		6,664
Interest Expense, Net	(51,177)		(30,534)		(34,439)
Non-Operating Pension and Postretirement Benefit Income, Net	197,939		109,230		59,315
(Loss) Gain on Marketable Equity Securities, net	(139,589)		243,088		60,787
Other Income, Net	33,500		32,554		214,534
Income Before Income Taxes	$	121,734	$	449,627	$	407,268


	Year Ended December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020
Depreciation of Property, Plant and Equipment
Education	$	34,114	$	32,113	$	31,759
Television broadcasting	12,294		14,018		13,830
Manufacturing	9,399		9,808		10,333
Healthcare	3,781		1,313		1,665
Automotive	3,709		2,156		2,017
Other businesses	9,392		11,376		13,947
Corporate office	608		631		706
	$	73,297	$	71,415	$	74,257
Pension Service Cost
Education	$	8,934	$	9,357	$	10,024
Television broadcasting	3,554		3,575		3,263
Manufacturing	1,104		1,282		1,424
Healthcare	11,008		561		543
Automotive	22		—		—
Other businesses	2,073		1,755		1,698
Corporate office	5,872		6,461		5,704
	$	32,567	$	22,991	$	22,656
Capital Expenditures
Education	$	46,878	$	100,780	$	33,553
Television broadcasting	5,832		6,803		13,470
Manufacturing	7,968		7,190		8,034
Healthcare	2,745		3,671		2,481
Automotive	3,606		31,124		3,181
Other businesses	15,352		13,176		5,075
Corporate office	21		25		80
	$	82,402	$	162,769	$	65,874

Asset information for the Company’s business segments is as follows:


	As of December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Identifiable Assets
Education	$	1,987,042	$	2,026,782
Television broadcasting	431,084		448,627
Manufacturing	486,487		486,304
Healthcare	249,845		194,823
Automotive	427,221		238,200
Other businesses	475,583		689,872
Corporate office	70,567		68,962
	$	4,127,829	$	4,153,570
Investments in Marketable Equity Securities	609,921		809,997
Investments in Affiliates	186,419		155,444
Prepaid Pension Cost	1,658,046		2,306,514

Total Assets	$	6,582,215	$	7,425,525

The Company’s education division comprises the following operating segments:


	Year Ended December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020
Operating Revenues
Kaplan international	$	816,239	$	726,875	$	653,892
Higher education	304,136		317,854		316,095
Supplemental education	301,625		309,069		327,087
Kaplan corporate and other	18,752		14,759		12,643
Intersegment elimination	(12,837)		(7,312)		(4,004)
	$	1,427,915	$	1,361,245	$	1,305,713
Income (Loss) from Operations before Amortization of Intangible Assets and Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Kaplan international	$	72,066	$	33,457	$	15,248
Higher education	24,031		24,134		24,364
Supplemental education	21,069		36,919		19,705
Kaplan corporate and other	(18,018)		(24,715)		(18,266)
Intersegment elimination	(45)		97		5
	$	99,103	$	69,892	$	41,056
Amortization of Intangible Assets	$	16,170	$	16,001	$	17,174
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets	$	—	$	3,318	$	12,278
Income (Loss) from Operations
Kaplan international	$	72,066	$	33,457	$	15,248
Higher education	24,031		24,134		24,364
Supplemental education	21,069		36,919		19,705
Kaplan corporate and other	(34,188)		(44,034)		(47,718)
Intersegment elimination	(45)		97		5
	$	82,933	$	50,573	$	11,604
Depreciation of Property, Plant and Equipment
Kaplan international	$	23,270	$	21,472	$	19,562
Higher education	4,107		3,658		3,082
Supplemental education	6,344		6,544		8,724
Kaplan corporate and other	393		439		391
	$	34,114	$	32,113	$	31,759
Pension Service Cost
Kaplan international	$	270	$	291	$	433
Higher education	3,842		4,440		4,150
Supplemental education	4,114		3,814		4,207
Kaplan corporate and other	708		812		1,234
	$	8,934	$	9,357	$	10,024
Capital Expenditures
Kaplan international	$	39,206	$	92,532	$	24,085
Higher education	1,398		3,629		3,234
Supplemental education	4,749		4,297		6,030
Kaplan corporate and other	1,525		322		204
	$	46,878	$	100,780	$	33,553

Asset information for the Company’s education division is as follows:


	As of December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Identifiable Assets
Kaplan international	$	1,479,833	$	1,493,868
Higher education	174,033		187,789
Supplemental education	268,499		286,877
Kaplan corporate and other	64,677		58,248
	$	1,987,042	$	2,026,782

- Definition

The entire disclosure for reporting segments including data and tables. Reportable segments include those that meet any of the following quantitative thresholds a) it's reported revenue, including sales to external customers and intersegment sales or transfers is 10 percent or more of the combined revenue, internal and external, of all operating segments b) the absolute amount of its reported profit or loss is 10 percent or more of the greater, in absolute amount of 1) the combined reported profit of all operating segments that did not report a loss or 2) the combined reported loss of all operating segments that did report a loss c) its assets are 10 percent or more of the combined assets of all operating segments.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 31
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8924-108599

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 34
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8981-108599

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 21
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8721-108599

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 40
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e9031-108599

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (f)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8933-108599

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (e)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8933-108599

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 26
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8844-108599

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 41
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e9038-108599

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (d)
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Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Topic 280
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2134510

+ Details

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policy)	12 Months Ended
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policy)	Dec. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation	Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation. The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) in the U.S. and include the assets, liabilities, results of operations and cash flows of the Company and its majority-owned and controlled subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements. Management bases its estimates and assumptions on historical experience and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results reported in future periods may be affected by changes in those estimates. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions.
Business Combinations	Business Combinations. The purchase price of an acquisition is allocated to the assets acquired, including intangible assets, and liabilities assumed, based on their respective fair values at the acquisition date. Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred. The excess of the cost of an acquired entity over the net of the amounts assigned to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recognized as goodwill. The net assets and results of operations of an acquired entity are included in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements from the acquisition date.
Cash and Cash Equivalents	Cash and Cash Equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand, short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less and investments in money market funds with weighted average maturities of three months or less.
Restricted Cash	Restricted Cash. Restricted cash represents amounts required to be held by non-U.S. higher education institutions for prepaid tuition pursuant to foreign government regulations. These regulations stipulate that the Company has a fiduciary responsibility to segregate certain funds to ensure these funds are only used for the benefit of eligible students.
Concentration of Credit Risk	Concentration of Credit Risk. Cash and cash equivalents are maintained with several financial institutions domestically and internationally. Deposits held with banks may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits. Generally, these deposits may be redeemed upon demand and are maintained with financial institutions with investment-grade credit ratings. The Company routinely assesses the financial strength of significant customers, and this assessment, combined with the large number and geographical diversity of its customers, limits the Company’s concentration of risk with respect to receivables from contracts with customers.
Allowance for Credit Losses	Allowance for Credit Losses. Accounts receivable have been reduced by an allowance that reflects the current expected credit losses associated with the receivables. The current expected credit losses are estimated based on historical write-offs, current macroeconomic conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions. Reserves are also established against specific receivables based on aging category, historical collection experience and management’s evaluation of the financial condition of the customer. The Company generally considers an account past due or delinquent when a student or customer misses a scheduled payment. The Company writes off accounts receivable balances deemed uncollectible against the allowance for credit losses following the passage of a certain period of time, or generally when the account is turned over for collection to an outside collection agency.
Investments in Equity Securities	Investments in Equity Securities. The Company measures its investments in equity securities at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in earnings. The Company elected the measurement alternative to measure cost method investments that do not have readily determinable fair value at cost less impairment, adjusted by observable price changes with any fair value changes recognized in earnings. If the fair value of a cost method investment declines below its cost basis and the decline is considered other than temporary, the Company will record a write-down, which is included in earnings. The Company uses the average cost method to determine the basis of the securities sold.
Fair Value Measurements	Fair Value Measurements. Fair value measurements are determined based on the assumptions that a market participant would use in pricing an asset or liability based on a three-tiered hierarchy that draws a distinction between market participant assumptions based on (i) observable inputs, such as quoted prices in active markets (Level 1); (ii) inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly (Level 2); and (iii) unobservable inputs that require the Company to use present value and other valuation techniques in the determination of fair value (Level 3). Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measure. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurements requires judgment and may affect the valuation of the assets and liabilities being measured and their placement within the fair value hierarchy. For assets that are measured using quoted prices in active markets, the total fair value is the published market price per unit multiplied by the number of units held, without consideration of transaction costs. Assets and liabilities that are measured using significant other observable inputs are primarily valued by reference to quoted prices of similar assets or liabilities in active markets, adjusted for any terms specific to that asset or liability. The Company measures certain assets—including goodwill; intangible assets; property, plant and equipment; lease right-of-use assets; cost and equity-method investments—at fair value on a nonrecurring basis when they are deemed to be impaired. The fair value of these assets is determined with valuation techniques using the best information available and may include quoted market prices, market comparables and discounted cash flow models.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments	Fair Value of Financial Instruments. The carrying amounts reported in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements for cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, the current portion of deferred revenue and the current portion of debt approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of these financial instruments. The fair value of long-term debt is determined based on a number of observable inputs, including the current market activity of the Company’s publicly traded notes, trends in investor demands and market values of comparable publicly traded debt. The fair value of interest rate hedges are determined based on a number of observable inputs, including time to maturity and market interest rates.
Inventories and Contracts in Progress	Inventories and Contracts in Progress. Inventories and contracts in progress are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable values and are based on the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. Inventory costs include direct material, direct and indirect labor, and applicable manufacturing overhead. The Company allocates manufacturing overhead based on normal production capacity and recognizes unabsorbed manufacturing costs in earnings. The provision for excess and obsolete inventory is based on management’s evaluation of inventories on hand relative to historical usage, estimated future usage and technological developments. Vehicle inventory is based on the specific identification method. The cost of new and used vehicle inventories includes the cost of any equipment added, reconditioning and transportation. In certain instances, vehicle manufacturers provide incentives which are reflected as a reduction in the carrying value of each vehicle purchased.
Property, Plant and Equipment	Property, Plant and Equipment. Property, plant and equipment is recorded at cost and includes interest capitalized in connection with major long-term construction projects. Replacements and major improvements are capitalized; maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the property, plant and equipment: 3 to 20 years for machinery and equipment; 20 to 50 years for buildings. The costs of leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of their useful lives or the terms of the respective leases.
Evaluation of Long-Lived Assets	Evaluation of Long-Lived Assets. The recoverability of long-lived assets and finite-lived intangible assets is assessed whenever adverse events or changes in circumstances indicate that recorded values may not be recoverable. A long-lived asset is considered to not be recoverable when the undiscounted estimated future cash flows are less than the asset’s recorded value. An impairment charge is measured based on estimated fair market value, determined primarily using estimated future cash flows on a discounted basis. Losses on long-lived assets to be disposed of are determined in a similar manner, but the fair market value would be reduced for estimated costs to dispose.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets	Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. Goodwill is the excess of purchase price over the fair value of identified net assets of businesses acquired. The Company’s intangible assets with an indefinite life are principally from trade names and trademarks, franchise agreements and Federal Communications Commission (FCC) licenses. Amortized intangible assets are primarily student and customer relationships and trade names and trademarks, with amortization periods up to 15 years. Costs associated with renewing or extending intangible assets are insignificant and expensed as incurred. The Company reviews goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets at least annually, as of November 30, for possible impairment. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are reviewed for possible impairment between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of the reporting unit or indefinite-lived intangible asset below its carrying value. The Company tests its goodwill at the reporting unit level, which is an operating segment or one level below an operating segment. The Company initially assesses qualitative factors to determine if it is necessary to perform the goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible asset quantitative impairment review. The Company reviews the goodwill and indefinite-lived assets for impairment using the quantitative process if, based on its assessment of the qualitative factors, it determines that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit or indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than its carrying value, or if it decides to bypass the qualitative assessment. The Company uses a discounted cash flow model, and, where appropriate, a market value approach is also utilized to supplement the discounted cash flow model, to determine the estimated fair value of its reporting units and indefinite-lived intangible assets. The Company makes assumptions regarding estimated future cash flows, discount rates, long-term growth rates and market values to determine the estimated fair value of each reporting unit and indefinite-lived intangible asset. If these estimates or related assumptions change in the future, the Company may be required to record impairment charges.
Investments in Affiliates	Investments in Affiliates. The Company uses the equity method of accounting for its investments in and earnings or losses of affiliates that it does not control, but over which it exerts significant influence. Significant influence is generally deemed to exist if the Company has an ownership interest in the voting stock of an investee between 20% and 50%. The Company also uses the equity method of accounting for its investments in a partnership or limited liability company with specific ownership accounts, if the Company has an ownership interest of 3% or more. The Company considers whether the fair values of any of its equity method investments have declined below their carrying values whenever adverse events or changes in circumstances indicate that recorded values may not be recoverable. If the Company considered any such decline to be other than temporary (based on various factors, including historical financial results, product development activities and the overall health of the affiliate’s industry), a write-down would be recorded to estimated fair value. The Company records its share of the earnings or losses of its affiliates from their most recent available financial statements. In some instances, the reporting period of the affiliates’ financial statements lag the Company’s reporting period, but such lag is never more than three months.
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Recognition. The Company identifies a contract for revenue recognition when there is approval and commitment from both parties, the rights of the parties and payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and the collectability of consideration is probable. The Company evaluates each contract to determine the number of distinct performance obligations in the contract, which requires the use of judgment. Education Revenue. Education revenue is primarily derived from postsecondary education and supplementary education services provided both domestically and abroad. Generally, tuition and other fees are paid upfront and recorded in deferred revenue in advance of the date when education services are provided to the student. In some instances, installment billing is available to students, which reduces the amount of cash consideration received in advance of performing the service. The contractual terms and conditions associated with installment billing indicate that the student is liable for the total contract price; therefore, mitigating the Company’s exposure to losses associated with nonpayment. The Company determined the installment billing does not represent a significant financing component. Kaplan International. Kaplan International provides higher education, professional education, and test preparation services and materials to students primarily in the United Kingdom (U.K.), Singapore, and Australia. Some Kaplan International contracts consist of one performance obligation that is a combination of indistinct promises to the student, while other Kaplan International contracts include multiple performance obligations as the promises in the contract are capable of being both distinct and distinct within the context of the contract. One Kaplan International business offers an option whereby students receive future services at a discount that is accounted for as a material right. The transaction price is stated in the contract and known at the time of contract inception; therefore, no variable consideration exists. Revenue is allocated to each performance obligation based on its standalone selling price. Any discounts within the contract are allocated across all performance obligations unless observable evidence exists that the discount relates to a specific performance obligation or obligations in the contract. Kaplan International generally determines standalone selling prices based on prices charged to students. Revenue is recognized ratably over the instruction period or access period for higher education, professional education and test preparation services. Kaplan International generally uses the time elapsed method, an input measure, as it best depicts the simultaneous consumption and delivery of these services. Course materials determined to be a separate performance obligation are recognized at the point in time when control transfers to the student, generally when the products are delivered to the student. One Kaplan International business has a contract with a customer consisting of two performance obligations which consisted entirely of variable consideration at contract inception. The Company allocates revenue to each performance obligation based on the expected cost plus a margin. The margin was determined by a market assessment performed at contract inception. Revenue is recognized over time, using an input method, as the customer simultaneously benefits from the services as delivery occurs. The Company records a contract asset associated with this Kaplan International contract as the right to revenue is dependent on something other than the passage of time. Kaplan Higher Education. KHE primarily provides non-academic operations support services to Purdue University Global (Purdue Global) pursuant to a Transition and Operations Support Agreement (TOSA). This contract has a 30-year term and consists of one performance obligation, which represents a series of daily promises to provide support services to Purdue Global. The transaction price is entirely made up of variable consideration related to the reimbursement of KHE support costs and the KHE fee. The TOSA outlines a payment structure, which dictates how cash will be distributed at the end of Purdue Global’s fiscal year, which is the 30th of June. The collectability of the KHE support costs and KHE fee is entirely dependent on the availability of cash at the end of the fiscal year. This variable consideration is constrained based on fiscal year forecasts prepared for Purdue Global. The forecasts are updated throughout the fiscal year until the uncertainty is ultimately resolved, which is at the end of each Purdue Global fiscal year. As KHE’s performance obligation is made up of a series, the variable consideration is allocated to the distinct service period to which it relates, which is the Purdue Global fiscal year. Support services revenue is recognized over time based on the expenses incurred to date and the percentage of expected reimbursement. KHE fee revenue is also recognized over time based on the amount of Purdue Global revenue recognized to date and the percentage of fee expected to be collected for the fiscal year. The Company used these input measures as Purdue Global simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits of the services provided by KHE. Kaplan Supplemental Education. Supplemental Education offers test preparation services and materials to students, as well as professional training and exam preparation for professional certifications and licensures to students. Generally, Supplemental Education contracts consist of multiple performance obligations as promises for these services are distinct within the context of the contract. The transaction price is stated in the contract and known at the time of contract inception, therefore no variable consideration exists. Revenue is allocated to each performance obligation based on its standalone selling price. Supplemental Education generally determines standalone selling prices based on the prices charged to students and professionals. Any discounts within the contract are allocated across all performance obligations unless observable evidence exists that the discount relates to a specific performance obligation in the contract. Supplemental Education services revenue is recognized ratably over the period of access to the education materials. An estimate of the average access period is developed for each course, and this estimate is evaluated on an ongoing basis and adjusted as necessary. The time elapsed method, an input measure, is used as it best depicts the simultaneous consumption and availability of access to the services. Revenue associated with distinct course materials is recognized at the point in time when control transfers to the student, generally when products are delivered to the student. Supplemental Education offers a guarantee on certain courses that gives students the ability to repeat a course if they are not satisfied with their exam score. The Company accounts for this guarantee as a separate performance obligation. Television Broadcasting Revenue. Television broadcasting revenue at Graham Media Group (GMG) is primarily comprised of television and internet advertising revenue, and retransmission revenue. Television Advertising Revenue. GMG accounts for the series of advertisements included in television advertising contracts as one performance obligation and recognizes advertising revenue over time. The Company elected the right to invoice practical expedient, an output method, as GMG has the right to consideration that equals the value provided to the customer for advertisements delivered to date. As a result of the election to use the right to invoice practical expedient, GMG does not determine the transaction price or allocate any variable consideration at contract inception. Rather, GMG recognizes revenue commensurate with the amount to which GMG has the right to invoice the customer. Payment is typically received in arrears within 60 days of revenue recognition. Retransmission Revenue. Retransmission revenue represents compensation paid by cable, satellite and other multichannel video programming distributors (MVPDs) to retransmit GMG’s stations’ broadcasts in their designated market areas. The retransmission rights granted to MVPDs are accounted for as a license of functional intellectual property as the retransmitted broadcast provides significant standalone functionality. As such, each retransmission contract with an MVPD includes one performance obligation for each station’s retransmission license. GMG recognizes revenue using the usage-based royalty method, in which revenue is recognized in the month the broadcast is retransmitted based on the number of MVPD subscribers and the applicable per user rate identified in the retransmission contract. Payment is typically received in arrears within 60 days of revenue recognition. Manufacturing Revenue. Manufacturing revenue consists primarily of product sales generated by four businesses: Hoover, Dekko, Joyce, and Forney. The Company has determined that each item ordered by the customer is a distinct performance obligation as it has standalone value and is distinct within the context of the contract. For arrangements with multiple performance obligations, the Company initially allocates the transaction price to each obligation based on its standalone selling price, which is the retail price charged to customers. Any discounts within the contract are allocated across all performance obligations unless observable evidence exists that the discount relates to a specific performance obligation or obligations in the contract. The Company sells some products and services with a right of return. This right of return constitutes variable consideration and is constrained from revenue recognition on a portfolio basis, using the expected value method until the refund period expires. The Company recognizes revenue when or as control transfers to the customer. Some manufacturing revenue is recognized ratably over the manufacturing period, if the product created for the customer does not have an alternative use to the Company and the Company has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date. The determination of the method by which the Company measures its progress toward the satisfaction of its performance obligations requires judgment. The Company measures its progress for these products using the units delivered method, an output measure. These arrangements represented 21%, 21%, and 23% of the manufacturing revenue recognized for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Other manufacturing revenue is recognized at the point in time when control transfers to the customer, generally when the products are shipped. Some customers have a bill and hold arrangement with the Company. Revenue for bill and hold arrangements is recognized when control transfers to the customer, even though the customer does not have physical possession of the goods. Control transfers when the bill-and-hold arrangement has been requested from the customer, the product is identified as belonging to the customer and is ready for physical transfer, and the product cannot be directed for use by anyone but the customer. Payment terms and conditions vary by contract, although terms generally include a requirement of payment within 90 days of delivery. The Company evaluated the terms of the warranties and guarantees offered by its manufacturing businesses and determined that these should not be accounted for as a separate performance obligation as a distinct service is not identified. Healthcare Revenue. The Company contracts with patients to provide home health or hospice services. Payment is typically received from third-party payors such as Medicare, Medicaid, and private insurers. The payor is a third party to the contract that stipulates the transaction price of the contract. The Company identifies the patient as the party who benefits from its healthcare services and as such, the patient is its customer. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services released a revised reimbursement structure under the Patient Driven Groupings Model (PDGM) for Medicare claims for home healthcare services effective for new and modified revenue contracts beginning on or after January 1, 2020. Home health services contracts generally have one performance obligation to provide home health services to patients. Under the PDGM model, the Company recognizes revenue using the right to invoice practical expedient, an output method, as the contractual right to revenue corresponds directly with the transfer of services to the patient. Given the election of the practical expedient, the Company does not determine the transaction price or allocate any variable consideration at contract inception. Rather, the Company recognizes revenue commensurate with the amount to which it has the right to invoice the customer, which is a function of the average length of stay within each of the two 30 day payment periods. Payment is typically received from Medicare within 30 days after a claim is filed. Medicare is the most common third-party payor for home health services. Home health revenue contracts may be modified to account for changes in the patient’s plan of care. The Company identifies contract modifications when the modification changes the existing enforceable rights and obligations. As modifications to the plan of care modify the original performance obligation, the Company accounts for the contract modification as an adjustment to revenue (either as an increase in or a reduction of revenue) on a cumulative catch-up basis. Hospice services contracts generally have one performance obligation to provide healthcare services to patients. The transaction price reflects the amount of revenue the Company expects to receive in exchange for providing these services. As the transaction price for healthcare services is known at the time of contract inception, no variable consideration exists. Hospice service revenue is recognized ratably over the period of care. The Company generally uses the time-elapsed method, an input measure as it best depicts the simultaneous delivery and consumption of healthcare services. Payment is received from third-party payors for hospice services within 60 days after a claim is filed, or in some cases in two installments, one during the contract and one after the services have been provided. Medicare is the most common third-party payor. Other Revenue. The Company recognizes revenue associated with management services it provides to its affiliates. The Company accounts for the management services provided as one performance obligation and recognizes revenue over time as the services are delivered. The Company uses the right to invoice practical expedient, an output method, as the Company’s right to revenue corresponds directly with the value delivered to the affiliate. As a result of the election to use the right to invoice practical expedient, the Company does not determine the transaction price or allocate any variable consideration at contract inception. Rather, the Company recognizes revenue commensurate with the amount to which it has the right to invoice the affiliate, which is based on contractually identified percentages. Payment is received monthly in arrears. Automotive Revenue. The automotive subsidiary generates revenue primarily through the sale of new and used vehicles, the arrangement of vehicle financing, insurance and other service contracts (F&I revenue) and the performance of vehicle repair and maintenance services. New and used vehicle revenue contracts generally contain one performance obligation to deliver the vehicle to the customer in exchange for the stated contract consideration. Revenue is recognized at the point in time when control of the vehicle passes to the customer. F&I revenue is recognized at the point in time when the agreement between the customer and financing, insurance or service provider is executed. As the automotive subsidiary acts as an agent in these F&I revenue transactions, revenue is recognized net of any financing, insurance and service provider costs. Repair and maintenance services revenue is recognized over time, as the service is performed. Other Revenue. Restaurant Revenue. Restaurant revenues consist of sales generated by Clyde’s Restaurant Group (CRG). Food and beverage revenue, net of discounts and taxes, is recognized at the point in time when it is delivered to the customer. Proceeds from the sale of gift cards are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized as revenue upon redemption by the customer. Custom Framing Services Revenue. Framebridge sells custom framing solutions to customers. Custom framing services revenue, net of discounts and taxes, is recognized when the products are delivered to the customer. Proceeds from the sale of gift cards are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized as revenue upon redemption by the customer. Code3 Revenue. Code3 generates media management revenue in exchange for providing social media marketing solutions to its clients. The Company determined that Code3 contracts generally have one performance obligation made up of a series of promises to manage the client’s media spend on advertising platforms for the duration of the contract period. Code3 recognizes revenue, net of media acquisition costs, over time as media management services are delivered to the customer. Generally, Code3 recognizes revenue using the right to invoice practical expedient, an output method, as Code3’s right to revenue corresponds directly with the value delivered to its customer. As a result of the election to use the right to invoice practical expedient, Code3 does not determine the transaction price or allocate any variable consideration at contract inception. Rather, Code3 recognizes revenue commensurate with the amount to which it has the right to invoice the customer which is a function of the cost of social media placement plus a management fee, less any applicable discounts. Payment is typically received within 100 days of revenue recognition. Code3 evaluates whether it is the principal (i.e. presents revenue on a gross basis) or agent (i.e. presents revenue on a net basis) in its contracts. Code3 presents revenue for media management services, net of media acquisition costs, as an agent, as Code3 does not control the media before placement on social media platforms. Leaf Group Revenue. Leaf Group (Leaf) generates revenue through its media and marketplace businesses. Media revenue is primarily derived from advertisements displayed on Leaf’s online media properties. Revenue is recognized over time as the performance obligation is delivered. Revenue is generally recognized based on an output measure including impressions delivered, cost per click or time-based advertisements. Marketplace revenue is primarily derived from the sale of products from Society6 and Saatchi Art Group. Each product ordered generally is accounted for as an individual performance obligation. Product revenue, net of discounts and taxes, is recognized when control of the promised good is transferred to the customer. Other Revenue. Other revenue primarily includes advertising, circulation and subscription revenue from Slate, Decile, Pinna and Foreign Policy. The Company accounts for other advertising revenues consistently with the advertising revenue streams addressed above. Circulation revenue consists of fees that provide customers access to online and print publications. The Company recognizes circulation and subscription revenue ratably over the subscription period beginning on the date that the publication or product is made available to the customer. Circulation revenue contracts are generally annual or monthly subscription contracts that are paid in advance of delivery of performance obligations. Revenue Policy Elections. The Company has elected to account for shipping and handling activities that occur after the customer has obtained control of the good as a fulfillment cost rather than as an additional promised service. Therefore, revenue for these performance obligations is recognized when control of the good transfers to the customer, which is when the good is ready for shipment. The Company accrues the related shipping and handling costs over the period when revenue is recognized. The Company has elected to exclude from the measurement of the transaction price all taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction and collected by the entity from a customer. Revenue Practical Expedients. The Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less, (ii) contracts for which the amount of revenue recognized is based on the amount to which the Company has the right to invoice the customer for services performed, (iii) contracts for which the consideration received is a usage-based royalty promised in exchange for a license of intellectual property and (iv) contracts for which variable consideration is allocated entirely to a wholly unsatisfied promise to transfer a distinct good or service that forms part of a single performance obligation. Costs to Obtain a Contract. The Company incurs costs to obtain a contract that are both incremental and expected to be recovered as the costs would not have been incurred if the contract was not obtained and the revenue from the contract exceeds the associated cost. The revenue guidance provides a practical expedient to expense sales commissions as incurred in instances where the amortization period is one year or less. The amortization period is defined in the guidance as the contract term, inclusive of any expected contract renewal periods. The Company has elected to apply this practical expedient to all contracts except for contracts in its education division. In the education division, costs to obtain a contract are amortized over the applicable amortization period except for cases in which commissions paid on initial contracts and renewals are commensurate. The Company amortizes these costs to obtain a contract on a straight-line basis over the amortization period. These expenses are included as cost of services or products in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Leases	Leases. The Company has operating leases for substantially all of its educational facilities, corporate offices and other facilities used in conducting its business, as well as certain equipment. The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in lease right-of-use (ROU) assets, current portion of lease liabilities, and lease liabilities on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. ROU assets also include any initial direct costs, prepaid lease payments and lease incentives received, when applicable. As most of the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company used its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The Company used the incremental borrowing rate on December 31, 2018 for operating leases that commenced prior to that date. The Company’s lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease by one to 10 years or more when it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised. Leases with a term of twelve months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; however, lease expense for these leases is recognized on a straight-line basis. The Company has elected the practical expedient to not separate lease components from nonlease components. As such, lease expense includes these nonlease components, when applicable. Fixed lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Variable lease expense is recognized when incurred. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any significant residual value guarantees or restrictive covenants. In some instances, the Company subleases its leased real estate facilities to third parties. The Company has several restaurant leases with an entity affiliated with some of CRG’s senior managers. Finance leases are included in property, plant and equipment, net, accounts payable and accrued liabilities and other liabilities on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company primarily has finance leases for its vehicle fleet at the healthcare subsidiary and service loaner vehicles at the automotive subsidiary. Service loaner vehicles are generally purchased from the lessor within six months of contract commencement and upon purchase the vehicles are placed into used vehicle inventory at cost. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had $5.4 million and $4.0 million, respectively, in net, property, plant and equipment and current finance lease liabilities related to service loaner vehicles at the automotive subsidiary.
Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits	Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits. The Company maintains various pension and incentive savings plans. Most of the Company’s employees are covered by these plans. The Company also provides healthcare and life insurance benefits to certain retired employees. These employees become eligible for benefits after meeting age and service requirements. The Company recognizes the overfunded or underfunded status of a defined benefit postretirement plan as an asset or liability in its Consolidated Balance Sheets and recognizes changes in that funded status in the year in which the changes occur through comprehensive income. The Company measures changes in the funded status of its plans using the projected unit credit method and several actuarial assumptions, the most significant of which are the discount rate, the expected return on plan assets and the rate of compensation increase. The Company uses a measurement date of December 31 for its pension and other postretirement benefit plans.
Self-Insurance	Self-Insurance. The Company uses a combination of insurance and self-insurance for a number of risks, including claims related to employee healthcare and dental care, disability benefits, workers’ compensation, general liability, property damage and business interruption. Liabilities associated with these plans are estimated based on, among other things, the Company’s historical claims experience, severity factors and other actuarial assumptions. The expected loss accruals are based on estimates, and, while the Company believes that the amounts accrued are adequate, the ultimate loss may differ from the amounts provided.
Income Taxes	Income Taxes. The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial statements and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company records net deferred tax assets to the extent that it believes these assets will more likely than not be realized. In making such determination, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax planning strategies and recent financial operations; this evaluation is made on an ongoing basis. In the event the Company were to determine that it was able to realize net deferred income tax assets in the future in excess of their net recorded amount, the Company would record an adjustment to the valuation allowance, which would reduce the provision for income taxes. The Company recognizes a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolutions of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits. The Company records a liability for the difference between the benefit recognized and measured for financial statement purposes and the tax position taken or expected to be taken on the Company’s tax return. Changes in the estimate are recorded in the period in which such determination is made.
Foreign Currency Translation	Foreign Currency Translation. Income and expense accounts of the Company’s non-U.S. operations where the local currency is the functional currency are translated into U.S. dollars using the current rate method, whereby operating results are converted at the average rate of exchange for the period, and assets and liabilities are converted at the closing rates on the period end date. Gains and losses on translation of these accounts are accumulated and reported as a separate component of equity and other comprehensive income. Gains and losses on foreign currency transactions, including foreign currency denominated intercompany loans on entities with a functional currency in U.S. dollars, are recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Equity-Based Compensation	Equity-Based Compensation. The Company measures compensation expense for awards settled in shares based on the grant date fair value of the award. The Company measures compensation expense for awards settled in cash, or that may be settled in cash, based on the fair value at each reporting date. The Company recognizes the expense over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the award. Stock award forfeitures are accounted for as they occur.
Earnings Per Share	Earnings Per Share. Basic earnings per share is calculated under the two-class method. The Company treats restricted stock as a participating security due to its nonforfeitable right to dividends. Under the two-class method, the Company allocates to the participating securities their portion of dividends declared and undistributed earnings to the extent the participating securities may share in the earnings as if all earnings for the period had been distributed. Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is calculated similarly except that the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period includes the dilutive effect of the assumed exercise of options and restricted stock issuable under the Company’s stock plans. The dilutive effect of potentially dilutive securities is reflected in diluted earnings per share by application of the treasury stock method.
Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest	Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest. The mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest represents the ownership portion of a group of minority shareholders, consisting of a group of senior managers of the healthcare business, in subsidiaries of Graham Healthcare Group (GHG). The Company established GHC One LLC (GHC One) and GHC Two LLC (GHC Two) as vehicles to invest in a portfolio of healthcare businesses together with the group of senior managers of GHG. As the holder of preferred units, the Company is obligated to contribute 95% of the capital required for the acquisition of portfolio investments with the remaining 5% of the capital coming from the group of senior managers. The operating agreements of GHC One and GHC Two require the dissolution of the entities on March 31, 2026, and March 31, 2029, respectively, at which time the net assets will be distributed to its members. As a preferred unit holder, the Company will receive an amount up to its contributed capital plus a preferred annual return of 8% (guaranteed return) after the group of senior managers has received the redemption of their 5% interest in net assets (manager return). All distributions in excess of the manager and guaranteed return will be paid to common unit holders, which currently comprise the group of senior managers of GHG. The Company may convert its preferred units to common units at any time after which it will receive 80% of all distributions in excess of the manager return, with the remaining 20% of excess distributions going to the group of senior managers as holders of the other common units. The mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest is reported as a noncurrent liability at December 31, 2022 and 2021 in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company presents this liability at fair value, which is computed quarterly at the current redemption value. Changes in the redemption value are recorded as interest expense or income in the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Operations.
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest	Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest. The Company’s redeemable noncontrolling interest represents the noncontrolling interest in CSI Pharmacy Holding Company, LLC (CSI), which is 76.5% owned, Framebridge, which is 93.4% owned, Weiss, which is 50.1% owned and Skin Clique, which is 51% owned. CSI’s minority shareholders may put up to 50% of their shares to the Company. The first put period began in 2022. A second put period for another tranche of shares begins in 2024. In November 2022, a CSI minority shareholder put some shares to the Company, which had a redemption value of $1.2 million. Prior to the redemption, the Company owned 75% of CSI. The minority shareholder of Framebridge has an option to put 20% of the shares to the Company annually starting in 2024. The minority shareholder of Weiss has an option to put 10% of the shares to the Company annually starting in 2026 and may put all of the shares starting in 2033. The minority shareholders of Skin Clique have the option to put all or a portion of their shares to the Company starting in 2029 and ending in 2032. In March 2021, Hoover’s minority shareholders put the remaining outstanding shares to the Company. Following the redemption, the Company owns 100% of Hoover. Prior to the redemption, the Company owned 98.01% of Hoover. The Company presents the redeemable noncontrolling interests at the greater of its carrying amount or redemption value at the end of each reporting period in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in the redemption value are recorded to capital in excess of par value in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Comprehensive Income	Comprehensive Income. Comprehensive income consists of net income, foreign currency translation adjustments, net changes in cash flow hedges, and pension and other postretirement plan adjustments.
Recently Adopted and Issued Accounting Pronouncemets	Recently Adopted and Issued Accounting Pronouncements. New accounting pronouncements issued but not effective until after December 31, 2022, are not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

Acquisitions and Dispositions of Businesses (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Acquisitions And Dispositions [Abstract]

Schedule of assets acquired and liabilities assumed

The aggregate purchase price of these acquisitions was allocated as follows, based on acquisition date fair values to the following assets and liabilities:


		Purchase Price Allocation
		Year Ended December 31
(in thousands)	2022			2021			2020

Accounts receivable		$	3,172		$	17,878		$	745
Inventory		21,278			25,383			3,496
Property, plant and equipment		36,255			13,126			3,346
Lease right-of-use assets		4,773			25,890			6,580
Goodwill		56,163			204,151			73,951
Indefinite-lived intangible assets		41,800			22,200			—
Amortized intangible assets		1,200			99,800			14,589
Other assets		481			4,911			975
Deferred income taxes		241			44,975			15,958
Floor plan payables		(10,908)			(16,636)			—

Other liabilities		(3,798)			(52,567)			(14,917)
Current and noncurrent lease liabilities		(5,865)			(25,593)			(6,593)
Redeemable noncontrolling interest		(2,164)			(6,616)			(6,005)
Noncontrolling interest		(512)			—			—
Aggregate purchase price, net of cash acquired		$	142,116		$	356,902		$	92,125

Acquisition Pro Forma Financial Information

The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents the Company’s results as if the current year acquisitions had occurred at the beginning of 2021. The unaudited pro forma information also includes the 2021 acquisitions as if they occurred at the beginning of 2020 and the 2020 acquisitions as if they had occurred at the beginning of 2019:


	Year Ended December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020
Operating revenues	$	4,090,272	$	3,827,486	$	3,323,427
Net income	81,373		376,478		279,810

Investments (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Investments [Abstract]

Investments in marketable equity securities

Investments in marketable equity securities consist of the following:


	As of December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Total cost	$	270,764	$	273,201
Gross unrealized gains	363,147		537,915
Gross unrealized losses	(23,990)		(1,119)
Total Fair Value	$	609,921	$	809,997

(Loss) gain on marketable equity securities

The net (loss) gain on marketable equity securities comprised the following:


	Year Ended December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020
(Loss) gain on marketable equity securities, net	$	(139,589)	$	243,088	$	60,787
Less: Net losses (gains) in earnings from marketable equity securities sold and donated	27,786		(17,830)		13,382
Net unrealized (losses) gains in earnings from marketable equity securities still held at the end of the year	$	(111,803)	$	225,258	$	74,169

Summarized Financial Data of Nonconsolidated Affiliates

The summarized balance sheet data of the private equity fund investments consists of the following:


	As of December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Investments in securities, at estimated fair value	$	1,974,189	$	2,039,368
Other current assets	19,072		28,590
Total assets	$	1,993,261	$	2,067,958
Total liabilities	$	3,945	$	4,790
Total partners’ capital	1,989,316		2,063,168
Total liabilities and partners’ capital	$	1,993,261	$	2,067,958

The summarized operating data of the private equity fund investments was as follows:


	Year Ended December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020
Net investment loss	$	(14,129)	$	(13,324)	$	(15,301)
Net realized gain on investments	162,644		190,368		440
Net change in unrealized (depreciation) appreciation on investments	(66,333)		1,043,627		525,588
Increase in net assets from operations	$	82,182	$	1,220,671	$	510,727

The summarized balance sheet data of the operating entity investments consists of the following:


	As of December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Current assets	$	174,027	$	203,274
Noncurrent assets	542,625		569,505
Total assets	$	716,652	$	772,779
Current liabilities	$	126,365	$	219,220
Noncurrent liabilities	386,425		329,965
Total liabilities	$	512,790	$	549,185
Noncontrolling interests	$	(26,593)	$	(80,604)

The summarized operating data of the operating entity investments was as follows:


	Year Ended December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020
Net sales	$	459,949	$	358,928	$	312,194
Gross profit	196,481		146,312		11,217
Net income (loss)	3,206		135,241		(206,504)
Net income (loss) attributable to the entity	5,124		102,829		(148,394)

Accounts Receivable, Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Accounts Receivable Accounts Payable And Accrued Liabilities [Abstract]

Schedule of Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable consist of the following:


	As of December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021

Receivables from contracts with customers, less estimated credit losses of $21,387 and $21,836	$	533,622	$	589,582
Other receivables	27,157		17,889
	$	560,779	$	607,471

Schedule of Changes in Estimated Credit Losses

The changes in estimated credit losses were as follows:


(in thousands)	Balance at Beginning of Period		Additions – Charged to Costs and Expenses		Deductions		Balance at End of Period

2022	$	21,836	$	2,958	$	(3,407)	$	21,387




2021	21,494		6,824		(6,482)		21,836



2020	14,276		10,667		(3,449)		21,494

Schedule of Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities consist of the following:


	As of December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Accounts payable	$	136,186	$	126,985
Accrued compensation and related benefits	149,823		179,307
Other accrued liabilities	276,996		277,337
	$	563,005	$	583,629

Inventories, Contracts in Progress and Vehicle Floor Plan Payable (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Inventory, Net of Allowances, Customer Advances and Progress Billings [Abstract]

Schedule of Inventories and Contracts in Progress

Inventories and contracts in progress consist of the following:


	As of December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Raw materials	$	68,494	$	54,944
Work-in-process	15,718		11,506
Finished goods	140,548		72,796
Contracts in progress	2,051		2,225
	$	226,811	$	141,471

Property, Plant and Equipment (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment consist of the following:


	As of December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Land	$	86,892	$	73,651
Buildings	203,256		211,758
Machinery, equipment and fixtures	457,145		419,778
Leasehold improvements	226,967		215,640
Construction in progress	35,150		19,517
	1,009,410		940,344
Less accumulated depreciation	(506,410)		(472,218)
	$	503,000	$	468,126

Leases (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Leases [Abstract]

Components of Operating Lease Expense

The components of operating lease expense were as follows:


	Year Ended December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020
Operating lease cost	$	91,613	$	96,078	$	113,669
Short-term and month-to-month lease cost	30,754		17,724		21,862
Variable lease cost	21,265		20,889		18,718
Sublease income	(14,734)		(16,918)		(18,508)
Total net lease cost	$	128,898	$	117,773	$	135,741

Supplemental Cash Flow And Balance Sheet Information Related To Operating Leases

Supplemental information related to operating leases was as follows:


	Year Ended December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020
Cash Flow Information:
Operating cash flows from operating leases (payments)	$	100,207	$	105,164	$	113,664
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities (noncash)	81,838		59,409		27,031

			As of December 31
			2022		2021
Balance Sheet Information:
Lease right-of-use assets			$	429,403	$	437,969

Current lease liabilities			$	70,007	$	77,655
Noncurrent lease liabilities			393,626		405,200
Total lease liabilities			$	463,633	$	482,855


Weighted average remaining lease term (years)	10.7		10.6
Weighted average discount rate	4.9	%	4.6	%

Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities

At December 31, 2022, maturities of operating lease liabilities were as follows:


(in thousands)	December 31, 2022
2023	$	90,564
2024	77,138
2025	60,960
2026	53,709
2027	48,522
Thereafter	286,561
Total payments	617,454
Less: Imputed interest	(153,821)
Total	$	463,633

Components of Financing Lease Expense [Member]

The components of financing lease expense were as follows:


(in thousands)	Year Ended December 31, 2022

Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets	$	2,351
Interest on lease liabilities	317
Finance lease cost	2,668
Variable lease cost	85
Total net lease cost	$	2,753

Supplemental Cash Flow And Balance Sheet Information Related To Financing Leases

Supplemental information related to finance leases was as follows:


(in thousands)	Year Ended December 31, 2022

Cash Flow Information:
Operating cash flows from finance leases	$	317
Financing cash flows from finance leases (payments)	6,237
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities (noncash)	9,182

	As of December 31, 2022

Balance Sheet Information:
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	13,835

Current lease liabilities	8,697
Noncurrent lease liabilities	5,362
Total lease liabilities	$	14,059


Weighted average remaining lease term (years)	2.0
Weighted average discount rate	4.6	%

Finance Lease, Liability, Fiscal Year Maturity

At December 31, 2022, maturities of finance lease liabilities were as follows:


(in thousands)	December 31, 2022
2023	$	9,034
2024	3,590
2025	1,990
Total payments	14,614
Less: Imputed interest	(555)
Total	$	14,059

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Changes in Carrying Amount of Goodwill

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill, by segment, were as follows:


(in thousands)	Education		Television Broadcasting		Manufacturing		Healthcare		Automotive		Other Businesses		Total
As of December 31, 2020
Goodwill	$	1,183,379	$	190,815	$	234,993	$	98,421	$	39,121	$	91,351	$	1,838,080
Accumulated impairment losses	(331,151)		—		(7,616)		—		—		(14,563)		(353,330)
	852,228		190,815		227,377		98,421		39,121		76,788		1,484,750

Acquisitions	16,342		—		—		19,908		6,705		162,048		205,003
Impairment	—		—		(26,686)		—		—		—		(26,686)


Foreign currency exchange rate changes	(13,485)		—		—		—		—		—		(13,485)
As of December 31, 2021
Goodwill	1,186,236		190,815		234,993		118,329		45,826		253,399		2,029,598
Accumulated impairment losses	(331,151)		—		(34,302)		—		—		(14,563)		(380,016)
	855,085		190,815		200,691		118,329		45,826		238,836		1,649,582
Measurement period adjustment	1,081		—		—		249		—		(2,183)		(853)
Acquisitions	—		—		—		17,292		38,871		—		56,163
Impairment	—		—		—		—		—		(102,124)		(102,124)


Foreign currency exchange rate changes	(41,815)		—		—		—		—		—		(41,815)
As of December 31, 2022
Goodwill	1,145,502		190,815		234,993		135,870		84,697		251,216		2,043,093
Accumulated impairment losses	(331,151)		—		(34,302)		—		—		(116,687)		(482,140)
	$	814,351	$	190,815	$	200,691	$	135,870	$	84,697	$	134,529	$	1,560,953

Other Intangible Assets

Other intangible assets consist of the following:


		As of December 31, 2022						As of December 31, 2021
(in thousands)	Useful Life Range	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
Amortized Intangible Assets
Student and customer relationships	2–10 years	$	297,766	$	230,429	$	67,337	$	300,027	$	206,714	$	93,313
Trade names and trademarks	2–15 years	148,102		81,078		67,024		158,365		68,113		90,252
Network affiliation agreements	10 years	17,400		10,367		7,033		17,400		8,628		8,772
Databases and technology	3–6 years	36,216		32,219		3,997		36,585		26,464		10,121
Noncompete agreements	2–5 years	1,000		995		5		1,000		991		9
Other	1–8 years	43,644		27,618		16,026		68,500		23,847		44,653
		$	544,128	$	382,706	$	161,422	$	581,877	$	334,757	$	247,120
Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets
Franchise agreements		$	85,858					$	44,058
Trade names and trademarks		81,905						86,972
FCC licenses		11,000						11,000
Licensure and accreditation		150						150
Other		21						—
		$	178,934					$	142,180

Education [Member]

Changes in Carrying Amount of Goodwill

The changes in carrying amount of goodwill at the Company’s education division were as follows:


(in thousands)	Kaplan International		Higher Education		Supplemental Education		Total
As of December 31, 2020
Goodwill	$	634,749	$	174,564	$	374,066	$	1,183,379
Accumulated impairment losses	—		(111,324)		(219,827)		(331,151)
	634,749		63,240		154,239		852,228

Acquisitions	—		—		16,342		16,342



Foreign currency exchange rate changes	(13,481)		—		(4)		(13,485)
As of December 31, 2021
Goodwill	621,268		174,564		390,404		1,186,236
Accumulated impairment losses	—		(111,324)		(219,827)		(331,151)
	621,268		63,240		170,577		855,085
Measurement period adjustment	—		—		1,081		1,081




Foreign currency exchange rate changes	(41,707)		—		(108)		(41,815)
As of December 31, 2022
Goodwill	579,561		174,564		391,377		1,145,502
Accumulated impairment losses	—		(111,324)		(219,827)		(331,151)
	$	579,561	$	63,240	$	171,550	$	814,351

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of goodwill by reportable segment and in total which includes a rollforward schedule.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121556970&loc=d3e13816-109267

+ Details

Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Schedule of Income Before Income Taxes, Domestic and Foreign

Income before income taxes consists of the following:


	Year Ended December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020
U.S.	$	69,499	$	421,420	$	403,295
Non-U.S.	52,235		28,207		3,973
	$	121,734	$	449,627	$	407,268

Schedule of Provision for Income Taxes on Income

The provision for income taxes consists of the following:


(in thousands)	Current		Deferred		Total
Year Ended December 31, 2022
U.S. Federal	$	37,525	$	(6,180)	$	31,345
State and Local	5,676		2,513		8,189
Non-U.S.	11,943		(177)		11,766
	$	55,144	$	(3,844)	$	51,300
Year Ended December 31, 2021
U.S. Federal	$	20,806	$	64,356	$	85,162
State and Local	4,354		(435)		3,919
Non-U.S.	6,094		1,125		7,219
	$	31,254	$	65,046	$	96,300
Year Ended December 31, 2020
U.S. Federal	$	77,882	$	6,669	$	84,551
State and Local	8,083		4,954		13,037
Non-U.S.	6,958		2,754		9,712
	$	92,923	$	14,377	$	107,300

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation

The provision for income taxes differs from the amount of income tax determined by applying the U.S. Federal statutory rate of 21% to the income before taxes as a result of the following:


	Year Ended December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020
U.S. Federal taxes at statutory rate (see above)	$	25,564	$	94,422	$	85,526
State and local taxes, net of U.S. Federal tax	(331)		2,238		15,366
Valuation allowances against state tax benefits, net of U.S. Federal tax	6,800		859		(5,067)
Stock-based compensation	2		(24)		2,048
Valuation allowances against other non-U.S. income tax benefits	263		4,042		2,445
Goodwill impairments	15,628		1,612		—
Other, net	3,374		(6,849)		6,982
Provision for Income Taxes	$	51,300	$	96,300	$	107,300

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

Deferred income taxes consist of the following:


	As of December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Employee benefit obligations	$	53,307	$	64,258
Accounts receivable	3,770		3,554
State income tax loss carryforwards	61,826		63,050
State capital loss carryforwards	36		107
State income tax credit carryforwards	421		511
U.S. Federal income tax loss carryforwards	64,310		69,509
U.S. Federal foreign income tax credit carryforwards	1,271		970
Non-U.S. income tax loss carryforwards	19,937		18,877
Non-U.S. capital loss carryforwards	3,458		3,707
Leases	59,072		63,715
Other	2,350		6,396
Deferred Tax Assets	269,758		294,654
Valuation allowances	(62,816)		(57,603)
Deferred Tax Assets, Net	206,942		237,051
Prepaid pension cost	426,348		594,372
Unrealized gain on marketable equity securities	87,204		138,868
Goodwill and other intangible assets	81,593		103,497
Property, plant and equipment	19,703		15,451
Leases	49,473		51,668
Non-U.S. withholding tax	2,084		2,001
Deferred Tax Liabilities	666,405		905,857
Deferred Income Tax Liabilities, Net	$	459,463	$	668,806

Schedule of Changes in Deferred Tax Valuation Allowance

Deferred tax valuation allowances and changes in deferred tax valuation allowances were as follows:


(in thousands)	Balance at Beginning of Period		Tax Expense and Revaluation		Deductions		Balance at End of Period
Year Ended
December 31, 2022	$	57,603	$	7,460	$	(2,247)	$	62,816
December 31, 2021	47,217		13,915		(3,529)		57,603
December 31, 2020	46,243		7,303		(6,329)		47,217

Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward

The following summarizes the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, for the respective periods:


	Year Ended December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020
Beginning unrecognized tax benefits	$	3,004	$	1,898	$	1,572
Increases related to current year tax positions	300		1,061		742
Increases related to prior year tax positions	778		45		656
Decreases related to prior year tax positions	(185)		—		—
Decreases related to settlement with tax authorities	—		—		(1,072)
Decreases due to lapse of applicable statutes of limitations	—		—		—
Ending unrecognized tax benefits	$	3,897	$	3,004	$	1,898

State [Member]

Schedule of Income Tax Loss Carryforwards


(in millions)
2023	$	5.4
2024	7.2
2025	18.1
2026	13.7
2027	17.6
2028 and after	987.7
Total	$	1,049.7

U.S. Federal [Member]

Schedule of Income Tax Loss Carryforwards


(in millions)
2023	$	27.8
2024	27.8
2025	24.8
2026	14.0
2027	6.6
2028 and after	205.2
Total	$	306.2

Debt (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Components of Debt

The Company’s borrowings consist of the following:


				As of December 31
(in thousands)	Maturities	Stated Interest Rate	Effective Interest Rate	2022		2021
Unsecured notes (1)	2026	5.75%	5.75%	$	397,548	$	396,830
Revolving credit facility	2027	1.61% - 7.88%	3.16%	200,236		209,643

Truist Bank commercial note (2)	2031	1.85% - 5.77%	3.39%	23,522		24,504
Truist Bank commercial note	2032	2.10% - 6.17%	3.71%	66,513		22,500
Truist Bank commercial note (3)	2032	3.49% - 5.92%	4.78%	26,548		—
Pinnacle Bank term loan	2024	4.15%	4.19%	8,433		9,558

Other indebtedness	2025 - 2030	0.00% - 16.00%		3,560		4,466
Total Debt				726,360		667,501
Less: current portion				(155,813)		(141,749)
Total Long-Term Debt				$	570,547	$	525,752

____________

(1) The carrying value is net of $2.5 million and $3.2 million of unamortized debt issuance costs as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

(2) The carrying value is net of $0.1 million of unamortized debt issuance costs as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.

(3) The carrying value is net of $0.1 million of unamortized debt issuance costs as of December 31, 2022.

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of long-debt instruments or arrangements, including identification, terms, features, collateral requirements and other information necessary to a fair presentation. These are debt arrangements that originally required repayment more than twelve months after issuance or greater than the normal operating cycle of the entity, if longer.

+ References

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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 210
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-Section S99
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-Subparagraph (SX 210.12-04(a))
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Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
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Reference 8: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
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Reference 9: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=d3e21538-112644

Reference 10: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123599511&loc=d3e64711-112823

Reference 11: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
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Reference 12: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126973232&loc=d3e21475-112644

+ Details

Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis

The Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows:


	As of December 31, 2022
(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets
Money market investments (1)	$	—	$	7,686	$	—	$	7,686
Marketable equity securities (2)	609,921		—		—		609,921
Other current investments (3)	7,471		5,016		—		12,487
Interest rate swaps (4)	—		2,636		—		2,636
Total Financial Assets	$	617,392	$	15,338	$	—	$	632,730
Liabilities

Contingent consideration liabilities (5)	$	—	$	—	$	8,423	$	8,423

Foreign exchange swap (6)	—		333		—		333
Mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest (7)	—		—		30,845		30,845
Total Financial Liabilities	$	—	$	333	$	39,268	$	39,601


	As of December 31, 2021
(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets

Marketable equity securities (2)	$	809,997	$	—	$	—	$	809,997
Other current investments (3)	7,230		7,218		—		14,448

Total Financial Assets	$	817,227	$	7,218	$	—	$	824,445
Liabilities

Contingent consideration liabilities (5)	$	—	$	—	$	14,881	$	14,881
Interest rate swap (8)	—		2,049		—		2,049
Foreign exchange swap (6)	—		484		—		484
Mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest (7)	—		—		13,661		13,661
Total Financial Liabilities	$	—	$	2,533	$	28,542	$	31,075

____________


(1)			The Company’s money market investments are included in cash and cash equivalents and the value considers the liquidity of the counterparty.
(2)			The Company’s investments in marketable equity securities are held in common shares of U.S. corporations that are actively traded on U.S. exchanges. Price quotes for these shares are readily available.
(3)			Includes U.S. Government Securities, corporate bonds, mutual funds and time deposits. These investments are valued using a market approach based on the quoted market prices of the security or inputs that include quoted market prices for similar instruments and are classified as either Level 1 or Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.
(4)			Included in Deferred Charges and Other Assets. The Company utilized a market approach model using a notional amount of the interest rate swaps multiplied by the observable inputs of time to maturity and market interest rates.

(5)			Included in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities and Other Liabilities. The Company determined the fair value of the contingent consideration liabilities using either a Monte Carlo simulation, Black-Scholes model, or probability-weighted analysis depending on the type of target included in the contingent consideration requirements (revenue, EBITDA, client retention). All analyses included estimated financial projections for the acquired businesses and acquisition-specific discount rates.
(6)			Included in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and valued based on a valuation model that calculates the differential between the contract price and the market-based forward rate.
(7)			The fair value of the mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest is based on the fair value of the underlying subsidiaries owned by GHC One and GHC Two, after taking into account any debt and other noncontrolling interests of its subsidiary investments. The fair value of the owned subsidiaries is determined using enterprise value analyses which include an equal weighing between guideline public company and discounted cash flow analyses.
(8)			Included in Other Liabilities. The Company utilized a market approach model using the notional amount of the interest rate swap multiplied by the observable inputs of time to maturity and market interest rates.

Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation

The following table provides a reconciliation of changes in the Company’s financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, using Level 3 inputs:


(in thousands)	Contingent consideration liabilities		Mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest
As of December 31, 2020	$	37,174	$	9,240
Acquisition of business	1,868		—
Changes in fair value (1)	(5,482)		4,077
Capital contributions	—		427
Accretion of value included in net income (1)	1,275		—
Settlements or distributions	(19,942)		(83)
Foreign currency exchange rate changes	(12)		—
As of December 31, 2021	14,881		13,661
Acquisition of business	397		—
Changes in fair value (1)	(6,672)		16,489
Capital contributions	—		1,018
Accretion of value included in net income (1)	1,567		—
Settlements or distributions	(1,750)		(323)

As of December 31, 2022	$	8,423	$	30,845

____________


(1)			Changes in fair value and accretion of value of contingent consideration liabilities are included in Selling, general and administrative expenses and the changes in fair value of mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest is included in Interest expense in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Contract with Customer, Liability

The following table presents the change in the Company’s deferred revenue balance during the year ended December 31, 2022:


	As of December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021		% Change
Deferred revenue	$	385,507	$	363,065	6

Capitalized Contract Cost

The following table presents changes in the Company’s costs to obtain a contract asset:


(in thousands)	Balance at Beginning of Year		Costs Associated with New Contracts		Less: Costs Amortized During the Year		Other		Balance at End of Year
2022	$	26,081	$	72,606	$	(66,064)	$	(976)	$	31,647
2021	24,363		61,214		(59,116)		(380)		26,081
2020	31,020		51,891		(58,855)		307		24,363

Capital Stock, Stock Awards and Stock Options (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Capital Stock, Stock Awards, and Stock Options [Abstract]

Activity Related to Stock Awards

Activity related to stock awards under these incentive compensation plans for the year ended December 31, 2022 was as follows:


	Number of Shares	Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Beginning of year, unvested	31,571	$	579.37
Awarded	1,221	605.49
Vested	(1,221)	605.49
Forfeited	(4,353)	576.45
End of Year, unvested	27,218	579.84

Activity Related to Stock Options

Activity related to options outstanding for the year ended December 31, 2022 was as follows:


	Number of Shares	Average Option Price
Beginning of year	183,189	$	612.16
Granted	—	—
Exercised	(5,084)	357.35
Expired or forfeited	—	—
End of Year	178,105	619.44

Information related to stock options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2022, is as follows:


	Options Outstanding			Options Exercisable
Range of Exercise Prices	Shares Outstanding at 12/31/2022	Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)	Weighted Average Exercise Price	Shares Exercisable at 12/31/2022	Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)	Weighted Average Exercise Price

$427	74,105	7.7	426.86	22,599	7.7	426.86


719	77,258	1.8	719.15	77,258	1.8	719.15
805–872	26,742	3.0	865.02	26,407	2.9	865.26

	178,105	4.4	619.44	126,264	3.1	697.39

Fair Value of Options Assumptions

The fair value of options at date of grant was estimated using the Black-Scholes method utilizing the following assumptions:


			2020
Expected life (years)			8
Interest rate			0.53%
Volatility			27.70%
Dividend yield			1.45%

Summary of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted

The following reflects the Company’s net income and share data used in the basic and diluted earnings per share computations using the two-class method:


	Year Ended December 31
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	2022			2021			2020
Numerator:
Numerator for basic earnings per share:
Net income attributable to Graham Holdings Company common stockholders	$	67,079		$	352,075		$	300,365
Less: Dividends paid–common stock outstanding and unvested restricted shares	(30,712)			(30,136)			(29,970)
Undistributed earnings	36,367			321,939			270,395
Percent allocated to common stockholders	99.43		%	99.36		%	99.45		%
	36,160			319,867			268,917
Add: Dividends paid–common stock outstanding	30,540			29,946			29,812
Numerator for basic earnings per share	66,700			349,813			298,729
Add: Additional undistributed earnings due to dilutive stock options	—			5			4
Numerator for diluted earnings per share	$	66,700		$	349,818		$	298,733
Denominator:
Denominator for basic earnings per share:
Weighted average shares outstanding	4,823			4,951			5,124
Add: Effect of dilutive stock options	13			14			15
Denominator for diluted earnings per share	4,836			4,965			5,139
Graham Holdings Company Common Stockholders:
Basic earnings per share	$	13.83		$	70.65		$	58.30
Diluted earnings per share	$	13.79		$	70.45		$	58.13

____________

Earnings per share amounts may not recalculate due to rounding.

Antidilutive Weighted Average Restricted Stock and Options

Diluted earnings per share excludes the following weighted average potential common shares, as the effect would be antidilutive, as computed under the treasury stock method:


	Year Ended December 31
(in thousands)	2022	2021	2020
Weighted average restricted stock	18	13	12

Pensions and Other Postretirement Plans (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Defined Benefit Plans [Member]

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Schedule of Amounts Recognized in Balance Sheet

The amounts recognized in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets for its defined benefit pension plans are as follows:


	Pension Plans				SERP
	As of December 31				As of December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Noncurrent asset	$	1,658,046	$	2,306,514	$	—	$	—

Current liability	—		—		(6,570)		(6,334)
Noncurrent liability	—		—		(83,448)		(106,372)
Recognized Asset (Liability)	$	1,658,046	$	2,306,514	$	(90,018)	$	(112,706)

Schedule of Estimated Benefit Payments

At December 31, 2022, future estimated benefit payments, excluding charges for early retirement programs, are as follows:


(in thousands)	Pension Plans		SERP
2023	$	60,164	$	6,748
2024	61,225		6,999
2025	67,838		7,244
2026	66,898		7,413
2027	68,227		7,452
2028–2032	334,626		36,725

Schedule of Amounts Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) includes the following components of unrecognized net periodic cost for the defined benefit plans:


	Pension Plans				SERP
	As of December 31				As of December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Unrecognized actuarial (gain) loss	$	(524,709)	$	(1,342,623)	$	(2,511)	$	19,111
Unrecognized prior service cost	1,676		4,511		—		36

Gross Amount	(523,033)		(1,338,112)		(2,511)		19,147
Deferred tax liability (asset)	145,430		355,078		230		(5,340)
Net Amount	$	(377,603)	$	(983,034)	$	(2,281)	$	13,807

Defined Benefit Plans [Member] | Benefit Obligation [Member]

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Schedule of Assumptions Used

Key assumptions utilized for determining the benefit obligation are as follows:


	Pension Plans		SERP
	As of December 31		As of December 31
	2022	2021	2022	2021
Discount rate	5.5%	2.9%	5.5%	2.9%
Rate of compensation increase – age graded	5.0%–1.0%	5.0%–1.0%	5.0%–1.0%	5.0%–1.0%
Cash balance interest crediting rate	4.28% with phase in to 5.50% in 2025	1.41% with phase in to 2.90% in 2024	—	—

Defined Benefit Plans [Member] | Periodic Cost [Member]

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Schedule of Assumptions Used

The costs for the Company’s defined benefit pension plans are actuarially determined. Below are the key assumptions utilized to determine periodic cost:


	Pension Plans			SERP
	Year Ended December 31			Year Ended December 31
	2022	2021	2020	2022	2021	2020
Discount rate	2.9%	2.5%	3.3%	2.9%	2.5%	3.3%
Expected return on plan assets	6.25%	6.25%	6.25%	—	—	—
Rate of compensation increase – age graded	5.0%–1.0%	5.0%–1.0%	5.0%–1.0%	5.0%–1.0%	5.0%–1.0%	5.0%–1.0%
Cash balance interest crediting rate	1.41% with phase in to 2.90% in 2024	1.41% with phase in to 2.50% in 2023	2.77% with phase in to 3.30% in 2022	—	—	—

Pension Plans [Member]

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Schedule of Obligation, Asset and Funding Information

The following table sets forth obligation, asset and funding information for the Company’s defined benefit pension plans:


	Pension Plans
	As of December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Change in Benefit Obligation
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	$	1,088,309	$	1,095,117
Service cost	32,567		22,991
Interest cost	30,504		26,917
Amendments	—		2
Actuarial (gain) loss	(219,466)		5,660

Benefits paid	(65,240)		(63,510)
Special termination benefits	3,624		1,132


Benefit Obligation at End of Year	$	870,298	$	1,088,309
Change in Plan Assets
Fair value of assets at beginning of year	$	3,394,823	$	2,803,422
Actual return on plan assets	(801,239)		654,911
Benefits paid	(65,240)		(63,510)

Fair Value of Assets at End of Year	$	2,528,344	$	3,394,823
Funded Status	$	1,658,046	$	2,306,514

Schedule of Net (Benefit) Costs

The total (benefit) cost arising from the Company’s defined benefit pension plans consists of the following components:


	Pension Plans
	Year Ended December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020
Service cost	$	32,567	$	22,991	$	22,656
Interest cost	30,504		26,917		32,587
Expected return on assets	(167,485)		(137,878)		(113,427)

Amortization of prior service cost	2,835		2,846		2,830
Recognized actuarial gain	(68,656)		(7,906)		—
Net Periodic Benefit for the Year	(170,235)		(93,030)		(55,354)


Special separation benefit expense	3,624		1,132		13,781


Total Benefit for the Year	$	(166,611)	$	(91,898)	$	(41,573)
Other Changes in Plan Assets and Benefit Obligations Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income
Current year actuarial loss (gain)	$	749,258	$	(511,373)	$	(371,621)
Current year prior service cost	—		2		69
Amortization of prior service cost	(2,835)		(2,846)		(2,830)
Recognized net actuarial gain	68,656		7,906		—

Total Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Before Tax Effects)	$	815,079	$	(506,311)	$	(374,382)
Total Recognized in Total Benefit and Other Comprehensive Income (Before Tax Effects)	$	648,468	$	(598,209)	$	(415,955)

Allocation of the Assets of the Company's Pension Plans

The assets of the Company’s pension plans were allocated as follows:


	As of December 31
	2022		2021
U.S. equities	59	%	61	%
Private investment funds	16	%	17	%
International equities	11	%	9	%
U.S. stock index fund	7	%	9	%
U.S. fixed income	7	%	4	%
	100	%	100	%

Fair Value, Assets Measured on Recurring Basis

The Company’s pension plan assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows:


	As of December 31, 2022
(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents	$	1,980	$	—	$	—	$	1,980
Equity securities
U.S. equities (1)	1,507,609		—		—		1,507,609
International equities (2)	270,872		—		—		270,872






Total Investments	$	1,780,461	$	—	$	—	$	1,780,461
Short-term investment funds measured at NAV (3)							170,062
Private investment funds measured at NAV (4)							406,600
U.S. stock index fund measured at NAV (5)							168,532
Receivables, net							2,689
Total							$	2,528,344


	As of December 31, 2021
(in thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash equivalents	$	2,159	$	—	$	—	$	2,159
Equity securities
U.S. equities (1)	2,067,152		—		—		2,067,152
International equities (2)	301,640		—		—		301,640





Total Investments	$	2,370,951	$	—	$	—	$	2,370,951
Short-term investment funds measured at NAV (3)							145,683
Private investment funds measured at NAV (4)							573,970
U.S. stock index fund measured at NAV (5)							302,478
Receivables, net							1,741
Total							$	3,394,823

____________


(1)			U.S. equities. These investments are held in common and preferred stock of U.S. corporations and American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) traded on U.S. exchanges. Common and preferred shares and ADRs are traded actively on exchanges, and price quotes for these shares are readily available. These investments are classified as Level 1 in the valuation hierarchy.
(2)			International equities. These investments are held in common and preferred stock issued by non-U.S. corporations. Common and preferred shares are traded actively on exchanges, and price quotes for these shares are readily available. These investments are classified as Level 1 in the valuation hierarchy.
(3)			Short-term investment funds. These investments include commingled funds that are primarily held in U.S. Treasury securities. The funds are valued using the net asset value (NAV) provided by the administrator of the funds and reviewed by the Company.
(4)			Private investment funds. This category includes a commingled fund and a private investment fund. The commingled fund invests in a diversified mix of publicly traded securities (U.S. and international stocks) and private companies. The private investment fund invests in non-public companies. The funds are valued using the NAV provided by the administrator of the funds and reviewed by the Company. The NAV is based on the value of the underlying assets owned by the fund, minus liabilities and divided by the number of units outstanding.

(5)			U.S. stock index fund. This fund consists of investments held in common stock, plus an uninvested cash portion comprising less than 1% of fund value, that together are designed to track the performance of the S&P 500 Index. The fund is valued using the NAV provided by the administrator of the fund and reviewed by the Company. The NAV is based on the value of the underlying assets owned by the fund, minus liabilities and divided by the number of units outstanding.

Fair Value, Investments, Entities that Calculate Net Asset Value Per Share

The following table sets forth a summary of the Plan’s investments with a reported NAV:


(in thousands)	Fair Value		Unfunded Commitment		Redemption Frequency	Other Redemption Restriction	Redemption Notice Period
Short-term investment funds
2022	$	170,062	$	—	Immediate	None	None
2021	$	145,683	$	—	Immediate	None	None
Private investment funds
2022	$	406,600	$	20,673	(1)	(1)	90 days
2021	$	573,970	$	26,088	(1)	(1)	90 days
U.S. stock index fund
2022	$	168,532	$	—	Immediate	None	1 day
2021	$	302,478	$	—	Immediate	None	1 day

____________


(1)			Five percent of the NAV of the investment in the commingled fund may be redeemed annually starting at the 12-month anniversary of the investment, subject to certain limitations. Additionally, the investment in the commingled fund may be redeemed in part, or in full, at the 60-month anniversary of the investment, or at any subsequent 36-month anniversary date following the initial 60-month anniversary. The investment in the private investment fund is generally not redeemable until the dissolution of the fund.

Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (SERP) [Member]

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Schedule of Obligation, Asset and Funding Information


	SERP
	As of December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Change in Benefit Obligation
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	$	112,706	$	122,299
Service cost	911		1,022
Interest cost	3,289		2,943

Actuarial gain	(20,956)		(7,640)
Benefits paid	(5,932)		(5,918)


Benefit Obligation at End of Year	$	90,018	$	112,706





Funded Status	$	(90,018)	$	(112,706)

Schedule of Net (Benefit) Costs


	SERP
	Year Ended December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020
Service cost	$	911	$	1,022	$	954
Interest cost	3,289		2,943		3,678



Amortization of prior service cost	36		331		331
Recognized actuarial loss	666		5,930		5,267



Total Cost for the Year	$	4,902	$	10,226	$	10,230
Other Changes in Benefit Obligations Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income
Current year actuarial (gain) loss	$	(20,956)	$	(7,640)	$	7,448

Amortization of prior service cost	(36)		(331)		(331)
Recognized net actuarial loss	(666)		(5,930)		(5,267)


Total Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Before Tax Effects)	$	(21,658)	$	(13,901)	$	1,850
Total Recognized in Total Cost and Other Comprehensive Income (Before Tax Effects)	$	(16,756)	$	(3,675)	$	12,080

Other Postretirement Plans [Member]

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Schedule of Obligation, Asset and Funding Information

The following table sets forth obligation, asset and funding information for the Company’s other postretirement plans:


	Postretirement Plans
	As of December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Change in Benefit Obligation
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	$	4,722	$	5,587

Interest cost	98		92

Actuarial gain	(1,205)		(582)

Benefits paid, net of Medicare subsidy	(215)		(375)
Benefit Obligation at End of Year	$	3,400	$	4,722





Funded Status	$	(3,400)	$	(4,722)

Schedule of Amounts Recognized in Balance Sheet

The amounts recognized in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets for its other postretirement plans are as follows:


	Postretirement Plans
	As of December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Current liability	$	(541)	$	(671)
Noncurrent liability	(2,859)		(4,051)
Recognized Liability	$	(3,400)	$	(4,722)

Schedule of Estimated Benefit Payments

At December 31, 2022, future estimated benefit payments are as follows:


(in thousands)	Postretirement Plans
2023	$	541
2024	$	468
2025	$	382
2026	$	341
2027	$	322
2028–2032	$	2,054

Schedule of Net (Benefit) Costs

The total benefit arising from the Company’s other postretirement plans consists of the following components:


	Postretirement Plans
	Year Ended December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020

Interest cost	$	98	$	92	$	167


Amortization of prior service credit	(7)		(7)		(481)
Recognized actuarial gain	(2,843)		(3,510)		(4,048)
Net Periodic Benefit for the Year	(2,752)		(3,425)		(4,362)

Settlement	—		(120)		—
Total Benefit for the Year	$	(2,752)	$	(3,545)	$	(4,362)
Other Changes in Benefit Obligations Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income
Current year actuarial gain	$	(1,205)	$	(582)	$	(991)

Amortization of prior service credit	7		7		481
Recognized actuarial gain	2,843		3,510		4,048
Settlement	—		120		—
Total Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Before Tax Effects)	$	1,645	$	3,055	$	3,538
Total Recognized in Benefit and Other Comprehensive Income (Before Tax Effects)	$	(1,107)	$	(490)	$	(824)

Schedule of Amounts Recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

AOCI included the following components of unrecognized net periodic benefit for the postretirement plans:


	As of December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Unrecognized actuarial gain	$	(12,004)	$	(13,642)
Unrecognized prior service credit	(5)		(12)
Gross Amount	(12,009)		(13,654)
Deferred tax liability	3,302		3,724
Net Amount	$	(8,707)	$	(9,930)

Other Non-Operating Income (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Other Nonoperating Income (Expense) [Abstract]

Summary of Other Non-Operating Income

A summary of non-operating income is as follows:


	Year Ended December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020
Net gain on sale of businesses	$	22,679	$	3,789	$	213,302
Net gain on cost method investments	6,883		11,756		4,209
Gain on sale of cost method investments	3,294		9,355		1,039
Foreign currency loss, net	(2,023)		(179)		(2,153)
Impairment of cost method investments	(1,305)		—		(7,327)
Gain on acquiring a controlling interest in an equity affiliate	—		—		3,708
Gain on sale of investment in affiliates	604		—		1,370



Other, net	3,368		7,833		386
Total Other Non-Operating Income	$	33,500	$	32,554	$	214,534

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract]

Summary of Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The other comprehensive (loss) income consists of the following components:


	Year Ended December 31, 2022
	Before-Tax		Income		After-Tax
(in thousands)	Amount		Tax		Amount
Foreign currency translation adjustments:


Translation adjustments arising during the year	$	(48,340)	$	—	$	(48,340)




Pension and other postretirement plans:
Actuarial loss	(727,097)		187,018		(540,079)

Amortization of net actuarial gain included in net income	(70,833)		18,219		(52,614)
Amortization of net prior service cost included in net income	2,864		(737)		2,127




	(795,066)		204,500		(590,566)
Cash flow hedges:
Gain for the year	4,765		(1,096)		3,669
Other Comprehensive Loss	$	(838,641)	$	203,404	$	(635,237)


	Year Ended December 31, 2021
	Before-Tax		Income		After-Tax
(in thousands)	Amount		Tax		Amount
Foreign currency translation adjustments:


Translation adjustments arising during the year	$	(16,052)	$	—	$	(16,052)




Pension and other postretirement plans:
Actuarial gain	519,595		(133,915)		385,680
Prior service cost	(2)		1		(1)
Amortization of net actuarial gain included in net income	(5,486)		1,414		(4,072)
Amortization of net prior service cost included in net income	3,170		(817)		2,353

Settlement included in net income	(120)		30		(90)


	517,157		(133,287)		383,870
Cash flow hedge:
Gain for the year	349		(93)		256
Other Comprehensive Income	$	501,454	$	(133,380)	$	368,074


	Year Ended December 31, 2020
	Before-Tax		Income		After-Tax
(in thousands)	Amount		Tax		Amount
Foreign currency translation adjustments:


Translation adjustments arising during the year	$	31,642	$	—	$	31,642
Pension and other postretirement plans:
Actuarial gain	365,164		(98,594)		266,570
Prior service cost	(69)		19		(50)
Amortization of net actuarial loss included in net income	1,219		(329)		890
Amortization of net prior service cost included in net income	2,680		(724)		1,956



	368,994		(99,628)		269,366
Cash flow hedges:
Loss for the year	(1,282)		293		(989)
Other Comprehensive Income	$	399,354	$	(99,335)	$	300,019

Summary of Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The accumulated balances related to each component of other comprehensive income (loss) are as follows:


(in thousands, net of taxes)	Cumulative Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment		Unrealized Gain on Pensions and Other Postretirement Plans		Cash Flow Hedges		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
As of December 31, 2020	$	9,754	$	595,287	$	(1,727)	$	603,314
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(16,052)		385,679		(375)		369,252
Net amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	—		(1,809)		631		(1,178)
Net other comprehensive income (loss)	(16,052)		383,870		256		368,074

As of December 31, 2021	(6,298)		979,157		(1,471)		971,388

Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(48,340)		(540,079)		3,276		(585,143)
Net amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	—		(50,487)		393		(50,094)
Net other comprehensive income (loss)	(48,340)		(590,566)		3,669		(635,237)

As of December 31, 2022	$	(54,638)	$	388,591	$	2,198	$	336,151

Summary of Amounts and Line Items of Reclassifications out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The amounts and line items of reclassifications out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) are as follows:


	Year Ended December 31						Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020






Pension and Other Postretirement Plans:


Amortization of net actuarial (gain) loss	$	(70,833)	$	(5,486)	$	1,219	(1)
Amortization of net prior service cost	2,864		3,170		2,680		(1)

Settlement gains	—		(120)		—		(1)


	(67,969)		(2,436)		3,899		Before tax
	17,482		627		(1,053)		Provision for income taxes
	(50,487)		(1,809)		2,846		Net of tax
Cash Flow Hedges
	393		631		474		Interest expense
	—		—		13		Provision for income taxes
	393		631		487		Net of tax
Total reclassification for the year	$	(50,094)	$	(1,178)	$	3,333	Net of tax

____________

Business Segments (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]

Schedule of Restructuring Costs

Restructuring related costs across all businesses in 2020 were recorded as follows:


(in thousands)	Kaplan International		Higher Education		Supplemental Education		Kaplan Corporate		Total Education		Other Businesses		Total
Severance	$	4,366	$	—	$	1,797	$	—	$	6,163	$	—	$	6,163
Facility related costs:
Operating lease cost	2,905		3,451		3,586		—		9,942		—		9,942
Accelerated depreciation of property, plant and equipment	1,620		152		1,801		—		3,573		—		3,573
Total Restructuring Costs Included in Segment Income (Loss) from Operations (1)	$	8,891	$	3,603	$	7,184	$	—	$	19,678	$	—	$	19,678
Impairment of other long-lived assets:
Lease right-of-use assets	$	3,976	$	2,062	$	4,005	$	—	$	10,043	$	1,405	$	11,448
Property, plant and equipment	1,248		174		813		—		2,235		86		2,321
Non-operating pension and postretirement benefit income, net	1,100		2,233		8,566		883		12,782		999		13,781
Total Restructuring Related Costs	$	15,215	$	8,072	$	20,568	$	883	$	44,738	$	2,490	$	47,228

(1) These amounts are included in the segments’ Income (Loss) from Operations before Amortization of Intangible Assets and Impairment of Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets.

Summary of Segment Reporting Information, by Operating Segment

Company information broken down by operating segment and education division:


	Year Ended December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020
Operating Revenues
Education	$	1,427,915	$	1,361,245	$	1,305,713
Television broadcasting	535,651		494,177		525,212
Manufacturing	486,643		458,125		416,137
Healthcare	326,000		223,030		198,196
Automotive	734,185		327,069		258,144
Other businesses	416,084		324,353		187,347
Corporate office	—		—		—
Intersegment elimination	(1,985)		(2,025)		(1,628)
	$	3,924,493	$	3,185,974	$	2,889,121
Income (Loss) from Operations before Amortization of Intangible Assets and Impairment of Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets
Education	$	99,103	$	69,892	$	41,056
Television broadcasting	207,319		154,862		199,938
Manufacturing	54,079		36,926		40,427
Healthcare	19,041		29,912		30,327
Automotive	34,633		11,771		502
Other businesses	(86,270)		(76,153)		(72,915)
Corporate office	(56,166)		(59,025)		(51,978)
	$	271,739	$	168,185	$	187,357
Amortization of Intangible Assets and Impairment of Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets
Education	$	16,170	$	19,319	$	29,452
Television broadcasting	5,440		5,440		5,440
Manufacturing	20,372		52,974		28,099
Healthcare	3,776		3,106		4,220
Automotive	—		—		6,698
Other businesses	142,083		9,971		13,041
Corporate office	—		—		—
	$	187,841	$	90,810	$	86,950
Income (Loss) from Operations
Education	$	82,933	$	50,573	$	11,604
Television broadcasting	201,879		149,422		194,498
Manufacturing	33,707		(16,048)		12,328
Healthcare	15,265		26,806		26,107
Automotive	34,633		11,771		(6,196)
Other businesses	(228,353)		(86,124)		(85,956)
Corporate office	(56,166)		(59,025)		(51,978)
	$	83,898	$	77,375	$	100,407
Equity in (Losses) Earnings of Affiliates, Net	(2,837)		17,914		6,664
Interest Expense, Net	(51,177)		(30,534)		(34,439)
Non-Operating Pension and Postretirement Benefit Income, Net	197,939		109,230		59,315
(Loss) Gain on Marketable Equity Securities, net	(139,589)		243,088		60,787
Other Income, Net	33,500		32,554		214,534
Income Before Income Taxes	$	121,734	$	449,627	$	407,268


	Year Ended December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020
Depreciation of Property, Plant and Equipment
Education	$	34,114	$	32,113	$	31,759
Television broadcasting	12,294		14,018		13,830
Manufacturing	9,399		9,808		10,333
Healthcare	3,781		1,313		1,665
Automotive	3,709		2,156		2,017
Other businesses	9,392		11,376		13,947
Corporate office	608		631		706
	$	73,297	$	71,415	$	74,257
Pension Service Cost
Education	$	8,934	$	9,357	$	10,024
Television broadcasting	3,554		3,575		3,263
Manufacturing	1,104		1,282		1,424
Healthcare	11,008		561		543
Automotive	22		—		—
Other businesses	2,073		1,755		1,698
Corporate office	5,872		6,461		5,704
	$	32,567	$	22,991	$	22,656
Capital Expenditures
Education	$	46,878	$	100,780	$	33,553
Television broadcasting	5,832		6,803		13,470
Manufacturing	7,968		7,190		8,034
Healthcare	2,745		3,671		2,481
Automotive	3,606		31,124		3,181
Other businesses	15,352		13,176		5,075
Corporate office	21		25		80
	$	82,402	$	162,769	$	65,874

Asset information for the Company’s business segments is as follows:


	As of December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Identifiable Assets
Education	$	1,987,042	$	2,026,782
Television broadcasting	431,084		448,627
Manufacturing	486,487		486,304
Healthcare	249,845		194,823
Automotive	427,221		238,200
Other businesses	475,583		689,872
Corporate office	70,567		68,962
	$	4,127,829	$	4,153,570
Investments in Marketable Equity Securities	609,921		809,997
Investments in Affiliates	186,419		155,444
Prepaid Pension Cost	1,658,046		2,306,514

Total Assets	$	6,582,215	$	7,425,525

Education [Member]

Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]

Summary of Segment Reporting Information, by Operating Segment

The Company’s education division comprises the following operating segments:


	Year Ended December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021		2020
Operating Revenues
Kaplan international	$	816,239	$	726,875	$	653,892
Higher education	304,136		317,854		316,095
Supplemental education	301,625		309,069		327,087
Kaplan corporate and other	18,752		14,759		12,643
Intersegment elimination	(12,837)		(7,312)		(4,004)
	$	1,427,915	$	1,361,245	$	1,305,713
Income (Loss) from Operations before Amortization of Intangible Assets and Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Kaplan international	$	72,066	$	33,457	$	15,248
Higher education	24,031		24,134		24,364
Supplemental education	21,069		36,919		19,705
Kaplan corporate and other	(18,018)		(24,715)		(18,266)
Intersegment elimination	(45)		97		5
	$	99,103	$	69,892	$	41,056
Amortization of Intangible Assets	$	16,170	$	16,001	$	17,174
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets	$	—	$	3,318	$	12,278
Income (Loss) from Operations
Kaplan international	$	72,066	$	33,457	$	15,248
Higher education	24,031		24,134		24,364
Supplemental education	21,069		36,919		19,705
Kaplan corporate and other	(34,188)		(44,034)		(47,718)
Intersegment elimination	(45)		97		5
	$	82,933	$	50,573	$	11,604
Depreciation of Property, Plant and Equipment
Kaplan international	$	23,270	$	21,472	$	19,562
Higher education	4,107		3,658		3,082
Supplemental education	6,344		6,544		8,724
Kaplan corporate and other	393		439		391
	$	34,114	$	32,113	$	31,759
Pension Service Cost
Kaplan international	$	270	$	291	$	433
Higher education	3,842		4,440		4,150
Supplemental education	4,114		3,814		4,207
Kaplan corporate and other	708		812		1,234
	$	8,934	$	9,357	$	10,024
Capital Expenditures
Kaplan international	$	39,206	$	92,532	$	24,085
Higher education	1,398		3,629		3,234
Supplemental education	4,749		4,297		6,030
Kaplan corporate and other	1,525		322		204
	$	46,878	$	100,780	$	33,553

Asset information for the Company’s education division is as follows:


	As of December 31
(in thousands)	2022		2021
Identifiable Assets
Kaplan international	$	1,479,833	$	1,493,868
Higher education	174,033		187,789
Supplemental education	268,499		286,877
Kaplan corporate and other	64,677		58,248
	$	1,987,042	$	2,026,782

Organization and Nature of Operations (Narrative) (Details)	Dec. 31, 2022 televisionStation category
Education [Member]
Product Information [Line Items]
Number of education business categories \| category	3
Television Broadcasting [Member]
Product Information [Line Items]
Number of television broadcast stations owned	7
JacksonvilleFL [Member] \| Television Broadcasting [Member]
Product Information [Line Items]
Number of television broadcast stations owned	2

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Narrative) (Details)	1 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) performanceObligation business	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020	May 31, 2020
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Maximum Term of Contract			1 year
Finance Lease, Right-of-Use Asset \| $			$ 13,835,000
Finance Lease, Liability, Current \| $			8,697,000
Noncontrolling Interest, Decrease from Redemptions or Purchase of Interests \| $			$ 1,200,000	$ 3,508,000
Framebridge [Member] \| Other Businesses [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Percentage of Shares Eligible to be Redeemed						20.00%
Business Combination, Step Acquisition, Equity Interest in Acquiree, Including Subsequent Acquisition, Percentage						93.40%
Hoover Treated Wood Products [Member] \| Manufacturing [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Noncontrolling Interest, Decrease from Redemptions or Purchase of Interests \| $		$ 3,500,000
Graham Holdings Company [Member] \| Hoover Treated Wood Products [Member] \| Manufacturing [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Noncontrolling Interest, Ownership Percentage by Parent			100.00%		98.01%
GHC One [Member] \| Group of Senior Managers of GHG [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Percentage of Contributed Capital			5.00%
GHC One [Member] \| Graham Holdings Company [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Percentage of Contributed Capital			95.00%
GHC One [Member] \| Graham Holdings Company [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Guaranteed Return			8.00%
Percentage of Distributions Available to Common Unit Holders			80.00%
GHC One [Member] \| Group of Senior Managers of GHG [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Percentage of Distributions Available to Common Unit Holders			20.00%
GHC One [Member] \| GHC One [Member] \| Group of Senior Managers of GHG [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Noncontrolling Interest, Ownership Percentage by Noncontrolling Owners			5.00%
Automotive [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Finance Lease, Right-of-Use Asset \| $			$ 5,400,000	4,000,000
Finance Lease, Liability, Current \| $			$ 5,400,000	$ 4,000,000
Weiss [Member] \| Graham Holdings Company [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Noncontrolling Interest, Ownership Percentage by Parent			50.10%
Framebridge [Member] \| Graham Holdings Company [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Noncontrolling Interest, Ownership Percentage by Parent			93.40%
CSI Pharmacy Holding Company, LLC [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Noncontrolling Interest, Decrease from Redemptions or Purchase of Interests \| $	$ 1,200,000
CSI Pharmacy Holding Company, LLC [Member] \| Graham Holdings Company [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Noncontrolling Interest, Ownership Percentage by Parent			76.50%	75.00%
Skin Clique \| Graham Holdings Company [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Noncontrolling Interest, Ownership Percentage by Parent			51.00%
Transferred over Time [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Percentage of Revenue			58.00%	67.00%	73.00%
Kaplan International [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Number of Performance Obligations			1
Number of business lines \| business			1
number of performance obligations with variable consideration			2
Higher Education [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Number of Performance Obligations			1
Transition and Operations Support Agreement Initial Term			30 years
Television Broadcasting [Member] \| Advertising Revenue [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Number of Performance Obligations			1
Revenue Recognition, Maximum Period between Recognition of Revenue and Receipt of Payment			60 days
Television Broadcasting [Member] \| Retransmission Revenue [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Number of Performance Obligations			1
Revenue Recognition, Maximum Period between Recognition of Revenue and Receipt of Payment			60 days
Manufacturing [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Revenue Recognition, Maximum Period between Recognition of Revenue and Receipt of Payment			90 days
Number of business lines \| business			4
Manufacturing [Member] \| Transferred over Time [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Percentage of Revenue			21.00%	21.00%	23.00%
Health Care [Member] \| Home Health Revenue [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Number of Performance Obligations			1
Revenue Recognition, Maximum Period between Recognition of Revenue and Receipt of Payment			30 days
Health Care [Member] \| Hospice Revenue [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Number of Performance Obligations			1
Revenue Recognition, Maximum Period between Recognition of Revenue and Receipt of Payment			60 days
Health Care [Member] \| Other Healthcare Services [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Number of Performance Obligations			1
Automotive [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Number of Performance Obligations			1
Code3 [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Number of Performance Obligations			1
Revenue Recognition, Maximum Period between Recognition of Revenue and Receipt of Payment			100 days
Maximum [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Amortized Intangible Assets, Useful Life (in years)			15 years
Lessee, Operating Lease, Renewal or Termination Option Term			10 years
Maximum [Member] \| Weiss [Member] \| Graham Healthcare Group [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Percentage of Shares Eligible to be Redeemed			10.00%	10.00%
Maximum [Member] \| Framebridge [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Percentage of Shares Eligible to be Redeemed			20.00%
Maximum [Member] \| CSI Pharmacy Holding Company, LLC [Member] \| Graham Healthcare Group [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Percentage of Shares Eligible to be Redeemed			50.00%
Maximum [Member] \| Machinery and Equipment [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life (in years)			20 years
Maximum [Member] \| Building [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life (in years)			50 years
Minimum [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Lessee, Operating Lease, Renewal or Termination Option Term			1 year
Minimum [Member] \| Machinery and Equipment [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life (in years)			3 years
Minimum [Member] \| Building [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Property, Plant and Equipment, Useful Life (in years)			20 years

Acquisitions and Dispositions of Businesses (Narrative) (Details)			1 Months Ended								3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jul. 05, 2022 USD ($) business	Jun. 14, 2021 USD ($)	Nov. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Aug. 31, 2022 business	May 31, 2022 business	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) business	Nov. 30, 2021 business	Mar. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Nov. 30, 2019 business	Sep. 30, 2019 business	Mar. 31, 2020 business	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) business automotiveDealership restaurant	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) business	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($) business	Jul. 31, 2022	Dec. 28, 2021 USD ($)	Jan. 26, 2021 USD ($)	May 31, 2020 USD ($)
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Number of businesses acquired \| business												7	6	3
Cost of acquisition												$ 143,200,000	$ 392,400,000	$ 96,800,000
Payments to Acquire Businesses, Net of Cash Acquired												130,106,000	351,882,000	20,080,000
Acquisition-related costs						$ 3,000,000						1,700,000	3,000,000	1,100,000
Goodwill expected to be deductible for income tax purposes						80,600,000						38,500,000	80,600,000	3,200,000
Revenues of acquired companies since acquisition date												153,800,000
Operating income of acquired companies since acquisition date												6,300,000
Net gain on sale of businesses												22,679,000	3,789,000	213,302,000
Interest expense												54,403,000	33,943,000	38,310,000
Change in redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests												(5,780,000)	549,000	$ 273,000
Finance Lease, Liability, Current												8,697,000
Finance Lease, Right-of-Use Asset												13,835,000
Noncontrolling Interest, Decrease from Redemptions or Purchase of Interests												1,200,000	3,508,000
Leaf Group [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cost of acquisition		$ 308,600,000
Business Combination Recognized Identifiable Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed Stock Compensation Liabilities Assumed		$ 9,200,000
Automotive [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Finance Lease, Liability, Current						4,000,000						5,400,000	4,000,000
Finance Lease, Right-of-Use Asset						$ 4,000,000						$ 5,400,000	4,000,000
CSI Pharmacy Holding Company, LLC [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Noncontrolling Interest, Decrease from Redemptions or Purchase of Interests			$ 1,200,000
Group of Senior Managers of GHG [Member] \| GHC One [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Percentage of Distributions Available to Common Unit Holders												20.00%
Graham Holdings Company [Member] \| GHC One [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Guaranteed Return												8.00%
Percentage of Distributions Available to Common Unit Holders												80.00%
Education [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Number of businesses acquired \| business							1				2			2
Education [Member] \| Kaplan International [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Number Of Businesses Disposed \| business									1
Education [Member] \| Higher Education [Member] \| Kaplan University Transaction [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Gain Related to Contingent Consideration												$ 4,300,000	$ 3,900,000	$ 3,500,000
Manufacturing [Member] \| Hoover Treated Wood Products [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Noncontrolling Interest, Decrease from Redemptions or Purchase of Interests								$ 3,500,000
Manufacturing [Member] \| Joyce/Dayton Corp. [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Number of businesses acquired \| business										1
Graham Healthcare Group [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Number of businesses acquired \| business				2	2	2						5	2
Graham Healthcare Group [Member] \| Weiss [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Percentage of interest acquired						50.10%							50.10%
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest						$ 6,600,000							$ 6,600,000
Graham Healthcare Group [Member] \| Applied Behavior Analysis clinics
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Percentage of interest acquired															100.00%
Graham Healthcare Group [Member] \| Maximum [Member] \| Weiss [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Percentage of Shares Eligible to be Redeemed						10.00%						10.00%	10.00%
Graham Healthcare Group [Member] \| Maximum [Member] \| CSI Pharmacy Holding Company, LLC [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Percentage of Shares Eligible to be Redeemed												50.00%
Other Businesses [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Number of businesses acquired \| business														1
Number of Restaurants \| restaurant												11
Other Businesses [Member] \| Framebridge [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Percentage of Shares Eligible to be Redeemed																		20.00%
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest																		$ 6,000,000
Business Combination, Contingent Consideration, Liability																		$ 50,600,000
Business Combination, Step Acquisition, Equity Interest in Acquiree, Including Subsequent Acquisition, Percentage																		93.40%
Automotive [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Number of businesses acquired \| business												2	1
Floor plan payable												$ 69,800,000
Number of Stores \| automotiveDealership												6
Automotive [Member] \| Auto dealerships [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Number of businesses acquired \| business	2
Floor plan payable	$ 10,900,000
Amount Borrowed to Finance Business Acquisition	$ 77,400,000
Automotive [Member] \| Ford auto dealership [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Floor plan payable																$ 16,600,000
Amount Borrowed to Finance Business Acquisition																$ 22,500,000
Supplemental Education [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Number of businesses acquired \| business											1
Kaplan International [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Number of businesses acquired \| business											1
Securities Subject to Mandatory Redemption [Member] \| Graham Healthcare Group [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Interest expense												$ 16,500,000	$ 4,100,000	$ 8,500,000
Graham Holdings Company [Member] \| Weiss [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Noncontrolling Interest, Ownership Percentage by Parent												50.10%
Graham Holdings Company [Member] \| CSI Pharmacy Holding Company, LLC [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Noncontrolling Interest, Ownership Percentage by Parent						75.00%						76.50%	75.00%
Graham Holdings Company [Member] \| Manufacturing [Member] \| Hoover Treated Wood Products [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Noncontrolling Interest, Ownership Percentage by Parent												100.00%		98.01%
GHC One [Member] \| Group of Senior Managers of GHG [Member] \| GHC One [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Noncontrolling Interest, Ownership Percentage by Noncontrolling Owners												5.00%
Pinnacle Bank Term Loan [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Loans Payable to Bank						$ 9,558,000						$ 8,433,000	$ 9,558,000
Pinnacle Bank Term Loan [Member] \| Graham Healthcare Group [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Loans Payable to Bank																	$ 10,600,000
Group of Senior Managers of GHG [Member] \| GHC One [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Percentage of Contributed Capital												5.00%
Graham Holdings Company [Member] \| GHC One [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Percentage of Contributed Capital												95.00%

Acquisitions and Dispositions of Businesses (Acquired assets and liabilities assumed) (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill	$ 1,560,953	$ 1,649,582	$ 1,484,750
Series of Individually Immaterial Business Acquisitions [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Accounts receivable	3,172	17,878	745
Inventory	21,278	25,383	3,496
Property, plant and equipment	36,255	13,126	3,346
Lease right-of-use assets	4,773	25,890	6,580
Goodwill	56,163	204,151	73,951
Indefinite-lived intangible assets	41,800	22,200	0
Amortized intangible assets	1,200	99,800	14,589
Other assets	481	4,911	975
Deferred income tax asset	241	44,975	15,958
Floor plan payables	(10,908)	(16,636)	0
Other liabilities	(3,798)	(52,567)	(14,917)
Current and noncurrent lease liabilities	(5,865)	(25,593)	(6,593)
Redeemable noncontrolling interest	(2,164)	(6,616)	(6,005)
Noncontrolling interest	(512)	0	0
Aggregate purchase price, net of cash acquired	$ 142,116	$ 356,902	$ 92,125

Acquisitions and Dispositions of Businesses (Pro Forma Financials) (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Acquisitions And Dispositions [Abstract]
Pro Forma Operating revenues	$ 4,090,272	$ 3,827,486	$ 3,323,427
Pro Forma Net income	$ 81,373	$ 376,478	$ 279,810

Investments (Narrative) (Details) £ in Millions	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended			12 Months Ended
Investments (Narrative) (Details) £ in Millions	Jan. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($) investment	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($) investment	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($) investment	Dec. 31, 2022 GBP (£) shares
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Money market investments					$ 7,700,000	$ 0
Marketable equity securities					609,921,000	809,997,000
Investments in Marketable Securities					42,100,000
Payments to acquire marketable securities					40,518,000	48,036,000	$ 20,004,000
Cumulative realized gain on marketable securities					58,100,000	46,000,000	23,000,000
Proceeds from sales of marketable equity securities					102,040,000	65,499,000	93,775,000
Gain on sale of investment in affiliate					604,000	0	1,370,000
Cumulative undistributed income in investments in affiliates					49,100,000	52,500,000
Equity Method Investment Impairment			$ 6,600,000	$ 3,600,000		6,600,000	$ 3,600,000
Number of Equity Method Investments Impaired \| investment			1	2			2
Investments in Affiliates					186,419,000	155,444,000
Cost method investments					66,700,000	48,900,000
Net gain on cost method investments					6,883,000	11,756,000	$ 4,209,000
Impairment of a cost method investment					$ 1,305,000	$ 0	7,327,000
Subsequent Event [Member]
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Portion of 2022 investments in marketable equity securities that settled in January 2023	$ 1,500,000
Equity securities [Member] \| Concentration in single marketable equity security [Member] \| Total Assets [Member]
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Minimum percentage of total assets considered as significant concentrations					5.00%
Markel Corporation [Member]
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Number of shares held in investment \| shares					55,430	44,430		55,430
Marketable equity securities					$ 73,000,000	$ 54,800,000
Berkshire Hathaway [Member]
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Marketable equity securities					$ 347,000,000
Berkshire Hathaway [Member] \| Class A Common Stock [Member]
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Number of shares held in investment \| shares					422			422
Berkshire Hathaway [Member] \| Class B Common Stock [Member]
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Number of shares held in investment \| shares					482,945			482,945
N2K Networks [Member]
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Equity Method Investment, Diluted Ownership Percentage					49.90%			49.90%
Intersection [Member]
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Equity Method Investment, Ownership Percentage					12.00%			12.00%
Framebridge [Member]
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Equity Method Investment Impairment				$ 2,700,000
Private Equity Fund Investment [Member]
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Investments in Affiliates					$ 68,900,000	72,800,000
Private Equity Fund Investment [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Equity Method Investment, Ownership Percentage					4.00%			4.00%
Private Equity Fund Investment [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Equity Method Investment, Ownership Percentage					10.00%			10.00%
Graham Healthcare Group [Member]
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Revenue from Related Parties					$ 13,900,000	$ 10,900,000	$ 9,600,000
Graham Healthcare Group [Member] \| Residential Home Health Illinois [Member]
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Equity Method Investment, Ownership Percentage					40.00%			40.00%
Graham Healthcare Group [Member] \| Residential Hospice Illinois [Member]
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Equity Method Investment, Ownership Percentage					40.00%			40.00%
Gain on sale of investment in affiliate		$ 600,000
Graham Healthcare Group [Member] \| Residential And Michigan Hospital Joint Venture [Member]
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Equity Method Investment, Ownership Percentage					40.00%			40.00%
Graham Healthcare Group [Member] \| Celtic Healthcare Allegheny Health Network Joint Venture [Member]
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Equity Method Investment, Ownership Percentage					40.00%			40.00%
Graham Healthcare Group [Member] \| Residential Home Health Illinois and Residential Hospice Illinois [Member]
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Additional investment in equity affiliates		$ 18,500,000
KIHL [Member] \| York Joint Venture [Member]
Schedule of Investments [Line Items]
Equity Method Investment, Ownership Percentage					45.00%			45.00%
Cumulative Payments For Advance to Affiliate \| £								£ 22.0
Loan Receivable, Payment Term					25 years
Loan Receivable Fixed Interest Rate					7.00%
Advances to Affiliate \| £								£ 20.4

Investments (Investments in Marketable Equity Securities) (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Investments [Abstract]
Total cost	$ 270,764	$ 273,201
Gross unrealized gains	363,147	537,915
Gross unrealized losses	(23,990)	(1,119)
Total Fair Value	$ 609,921	$ 809,997

Investments (Loss) Gain on Marketable Equity Securities) (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Investments [Abstract]
(Loss) gain on marketable equity securities, net	$ (139,589)	$ 243,088	$ 60,787
Less: Net losses (gains) in earnings from marketable equity securities sold and donated	27,786	(17,830)	13,382
Net unrealized (losses) gains in earnings from marketable equity securities still held at the end of the year	$ (111,803)	$ 225,258	$ 74,169

Investments (Summarized Financial Data of Nonconsolidated Affiliates) (Details 3) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Other current assets	$ 1,547	$ 1,241
Current assets	1,708,094	1,847,174
Total Assets	6,582,215	7,425,525
Current liabilities	1,174,007	1,166,338
Total Liabilities	2,807,727	2,999,545
Total Liabilities and Equity	6,582,215	7,425,525
Noncontrolling Interests	21,278	12,086
Net Income (Loss)	70,434	353,327	$ 299,968
Net income (loss) attributable to the entity	67,079	352,075	300,365
Private Equity Fund Investment [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Investments in securities, at estimated fair value	1,974,189	2,039,368
Other current assets	19,072	28,590
Total Assets	1,993,261	2,067,958
Total Liabilities	3,945	4,790
Total partners’ capital	1,989,316	2,063,168
Total Liabilities and Equity	1,993,261	2,067,958
Net investment loss	(14,129)	(13,324)	(15,301)
Net realized gain on investments	162,644	190,368	440
Net change in unrealized (depreciation) appreciation on investments	(66,333)	1,043,627	525,588
Increase in net assets from operations	82,182	1,220,671	510,727
Operating Entity Investment [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Current assets	174,027	203,274
Noncurrent assets	542,625	569,505
Total Assets	716,652	772,779
Current liabilities	126,365	219,220
Noncurrent liabilities	386,425	329,965
Total Liabilities	512,790	549,185
Noncontrolling Interests	(26,593)	(80,604)
Net sales	459,949	358,928	312,194
Gross profit	196,481	146,312	11,217
Net Income (Loss)	3,206	135,241	(206,504)
Net income (loss) attributable to the entity	$ 5,124	$ 102,829	$ (148,394)

Accounts Receivable, Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Accounts Receivable Accounts Payable And Accrued Liabilities [Abstract]
Cash overdrafts	$ 0.5	$ 5.5

Accounts Receivable, Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities (Schedule of Accounts Receivable) (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Accounts and Financing Receivable, after Allowance for Credit Loss [Abstract]
Receivables from contracts with customers, less estimated credit losses	$ 533,622	$ 589,582
Other receivables	27,157	17,889
Accounts receivable, net	560,779	607,471
Estimated credit losses	$ 21,387	$ 21,836

Accounts Receivable, Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities (Schedule of Changes in Estimated Credit Losses) (Details 2) - Estimated Credit Losses [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Movement in Valuation Allowances and Reserves [Roll Forward]
Balance at Beginning of Period	$ 21,836	$ 21,494	$ 14,276
Additions - Charged to Costs and Expenses	2,958	6,824	10,667
Deductions	(3,407)	(6,482)	(3,449)
Balance at End of Period	$ 21,387	$ 21,836	$ 21,494

Accounts Receivable, Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities (Schedule of Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities) (Details 3) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities, Current [Abstract]
Accounts payable	$ 136,186	$ 126,985
Accrued compensation and related benefits	149,823	179,307
Other accrued liabilities	276,996	277,337
Total accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$ 563,005	$ 583,629

Inventories, Contracts in Progress and Vehicle Floor Plan Payable (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Jul. 05, 2022
Inventory [Line Items]
Weighted average interest rate	4.80%	4.80%
Automotive [Member]
Inventory [Line Items]
Borrowing capacity	$ 106,300,000
Vehicle floor plan payable	69,800,000
Floor plan assistance	$ 4,600,000	$ 2,700,000	$ 2,100,000
Truist Floor Plan Facility [Member] \| Automotive [Member]
Inventory [Line Items]
Borrowing capacity				$ 80,000,000
Vehicle Floor Plan Facility [Member] \| Automotive [Member]
Inventory [Line Items]
Weighted average interest rate	3.20%	1.10%	1.70%

Inventories, Contracts in Progress and Vehicle Floor Plan Payable (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Inventory, Net of Allowances, Customer Advances and Progress Billings [Abstract]
Raw materials	$ 68,494	$ 54,944
Work-in-process	15,718	11,506
Finished goods	140,548	72,796
Contracts in progress	2,051	2,225
Inventories and contracts in progress	$ 226,811	$ 141,471

Property, Plant and Equipment (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment	$ 73,297	$ 71,415	$ 74,257
Property, plant and equipment impairment charges		$ 2,400	$ 2,321

Property, Plant and Equipment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]
Land	$ 86,892	$ 73,651
Buildings	203,256	211,758
Machinery, equipment and fixtures	457,145	419,778
Leasehold improvements	226,967	215,640
Construction in progress	35,150	19,517
Property, plant and equipment, gross	1,009,410	940,344
Less accumulated depreciation	(506,410)	(472,218)
Property, plant and equipment, net	$ 503,000	$ 468,126

Leases (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Leases (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease impairment		$ 3,900	$ 11,448
Lease cost net of sublease income	$ 128,898	$ 117,773	$ 135,741
Lessee, operating lease, lease not yet commenced, payments due	$ 6,300
Minimum [Member]
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Lessee, operating lease, lease not yet commenced, term of contract	3 years
Maximum [Member]
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Lessee, operating lease, lease not yet commenced, term of contract	11 years

Leases (Components of Operating Lease Expense) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease cost	$ 91,613	$ 96,078	$ 113,669
Short-term and month-to-month lease cost	30,754	17,724	21,862
Variable lease cost	21,265	20,889	18,718
Sublease income	(14,734)	(16,918)	(18,508)
Total net lease cost	$ 128,898	$ 117,773	$ 135,741

Leases (Supplemental Cash Flow And Balance Sheet Information Related to Operating Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Leases [Abstract]
Operating cash flows from operating leases (payments)	$ 100,207	$ 105,164	$ 113,664
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities	81,838	59,409	$ 27,031
Lease right-of-use assets	429,403	437,969
Current lease liabilities	70,007	77,655
Noncurrent lease liabilities	393,626	405,200
Operating Lease, Liability	$ 463,633	$ 482,855
Operating lease, weighted average remaining lease term	10 years 8 months 12 days	10 years 7 months 6 days
Operating lease, weighted average discount rate	4.90%	4.60%

Leases (Maturities of Operating Lease Liabilities) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease payments due in 2023	$ 90,564
Operating lease payments due in 2024	77,138
Operating lease payments due in 2025	60,960
Operating lease payments due in 2026	53,709
Operating lease payments due in 2027	48,522
Operating lease payments due thereafter	286,561
Leases, operating lease, liability, payments, due, total	617,454
Less: Imputed interest	(153,821)
Total operating lease liability	$ 463,633	$ 482,855

Leases (Components of Financing Lease Expense) (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
Amortization of finance ROU assets	$ 2,351
Interest on lease liabilities	317
Finance lease, fixed cost	2,668
Finance Lease, Variable Cost	85
Total finance lease cost	$ 2,753

Leases (Supplemental Cash Flow And Balance Sheet Information Related to Financing Leases) (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
Operating cash flows from finance leases	$ 317
Financing cash flows from finance leases (payments)	6,237
Right-of-Use Asset Obtained in Exchange for Finance Lease Liability	$ 9,182
Property, plant and equipment, net	Property, Plant and Equipment, Net
Finance Lease, Right-of-Use Asset	$ 13,835
Current finance lease liability	Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
Finance Lease, Liability, Current	$ 8,697
Noncurrent finance lease liability	Other Liabilities
Finance Lease, Liability, Noncurrent	$ 5,362
Finance Lease, Liability	$ 14,059
Finance Lease, Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term	2 years
Finance Lease, Weighted Average Discount Rate, Percent	4.60%

Leases (Future Minimum Financing Lease Payments) (Details) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
Finance lease payments due in 2023	$ 9,034
Finance lease payments due in 2024	3,590
Finance lease payments due in 2025	1,990
Finance Lease, Liability, to be Paid	14,614
Less: Imputed interest	(555)
Total finance lease liability	$ 14,059

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Goodwill) (Narrative) (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended			12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) segment	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Goodwill [Line Items]
Number of reportable segments \| segment				7
Goodwill, Impairment Loss				$ 102,124	$ 26,686
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets				128,990	32,940	$ 30,170
Manufacturing [Member]
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill, Impairment Loss				0	26,686
Other Businesses [Member]
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill, Impairment Loss				$ 102,124	$ 0
Clyde's Restaurant Group [Member] \| Other Businesses [Member]
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill and Intangible Asset Impairment			$ 9,700
Group Dekko [Member] \| Manufacturing [Member]
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill, Impairment Loss		$ 26,700
Leaf Group [Member] \| Other Businesses [Member]
Goodwill [Line Items]
Goodwill and Intangible Asset Impairment	$ 129,000

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets) (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2022
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Impairment Of Intangible Asset Indefinite Lived Excluding Goodwill Statement Of Income Or Comprehensive Income Extensible Enumeration Not Disclosed Flag		indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment charge
Automotive [Member]
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Impairment of intangible assets	$ 6.7

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Finite-lived Intangible Assets) (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Amortized Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets	$ 128,990	$ 32,940	$ 30,170
Amortization of Intangible Assets
Amortization of intangible assets	58,851	$ 57,870	$ 56,780
Estimated amortization of intangible assets, 2023	50,000
Estimated amortization of intangible assets, 2024	37,000
Estimated amortization of intangible assets, 2025	29,000
Estimated amortization of intangible assets, 2026	20,000
Estimated amortization of intangible assets, 2027	6,000
Estimated amortization of intangible assets, after 2027	$ 19,000

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Changes in Carrying Amount of Goodwill) (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, beginning balance	$ 2,029,598	$ 1,838,080
Accumulated impairment losses, beginning balance	(380,016)	(353,330)
Goodwill, net, beginning balance	1,649,582	1,484,750
Measurement period adjustment	(853)
Acquisitions	56,163	205,003
Impairment	(102,124)	(26,686)
Foreign currency exchange rate changes	(41,815)	(13,485)
Goodwill, ending balance	2,043,093	2,029,598
Accumulated impairment losses, ending balance	(482,140)	(380,016)
Goodwill, net, ending balance	1,560,953	1,649,582
Education [Member]
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, beginning balance	1,186,236	1,183,379
Accumulated impairment losses, beginning balance	(331,151)	(331,151)
Goodwill, net, beginning balance	855,085	852,228
Measurement period adjustment	1,081
Acquisitions	0	16,342
Impairment	0	0
Foreign currency exchange rate changes	(41,815)	(13,485)
Goodwill, ending balance	1,145,502	1,186,236
Accumulated impairment losses, ending balance	(331,151)	(331,151)
Goodwill, net, ending balance	814,351	855,085
Education [Member] \| Kaplan International [Member]
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, beginning balance	621,268	634,749
Accumulated impairment losses, beginning balance	0	0
Goodwill, net, beginning balance	621,268	634,749
Measurement period adjustment	0
Acquisitions		0
Foreign currency exchange rate changes	(41,707)	(13,481)
Goodwill, ending balance	579,561	621,268
Accumulated impairment losses, ending balance	0	0
Goodwill, net, ending balance	579,561	621,268
Education [Member] \| Higher Education [Member]
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, beginning balance	174,564	174,564
Accumulated impairment losses, beginning balance	(111,324)	(111,324)
Goodwill, net, beginning balance	63,240	63,240
Measurement period adjustment	0
Acquisitions		0
Foreign currency exchange rate changes	0	0
Goodwill, ending balance	174,564	174,564
Accumulated impairment losses, ending balance	(111,324)	(111,324)
Goodwill, net, ending balance	63,240	63,240
Education [Member] \| Supplemental Education [Member]
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, beginning balance	390,404	374,066
Accumulated impairment losses, beginning balance	(219,827)	(219,827)
Goodwill, net, beginning balance	170,577	154,239
Measurement period adjustment	1,081
Acquisitions		16,342
Foreign currency exchange rate changes	(108)	(4)
Goodwill, ending balance	391,377	390,404
Accumulated impairment losses, ending balance	(219,827)	(219,827)
Goodwill, net, ending balance	171,550	170,577
Television Broadcasting [Member]
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, beginning balance	190,815	190,815
Accumulated impairment losses, beginning balance	0	0
Goodwill, net, beginning balance	190,815	190,815
Measurement period adjustment	0
Acquisitions	0	0
Impairment	0	0
Foreign currency exchange rate changes	0	0
Goodwill, ending balance	190,815	190,815
Accumulated impairment losses, ending balance	0	0
Goodwill, net, ending balance	190,815	190,815
Manufacturing [Member]
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, beginning balance	234,993	234,993
Accumulated impairment losses, beginning balance	(34,302)	(7,616)
Goodwill, net, beginning balance	200,691	227,377
Measurement period adjustment	0
Acquisitions	0	0
Impairment	0	(26,686)
Foreign currency exchange rate changes	0	0
Goodwill, ending balance	234,993	234,993
Accumulated impairment losses, ending balance	(34,302)	(34,302)
Goodwill, net, ending balance	200,691	200,691
Graham Healthcare Group [Member]
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, beginning balance	118,329	98,421
Accumulated impairment losses, beginning balance	0	0
Goodwill, net, beginning balance	118,329	98,421
Measurement period adjustment	249
Acquisitions	17,292	19,908
Impairment	0	0
Foreign currency exchange rate changes	0	0
Goodwill, ending balance	135,870	118,329
Accumulated impairment losses, ending balance	0	0
Goodwill, net, ending balance	135,870	118,329
Automotive [Member]
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, beginning balance	45,826	39,121
Accumulated impairment losses, beginning balance	0	0
Goodwill, net, beginning balance	45,826	39,121
Measurement period adjustment	0
Acquisitions	38,871	6,705
Impairment	0	0
Foreign currency exchange rate changes	0	0
Goodwill, ending balance	84,697	45,826
Accumulated impairment losses, ending balance	0	0
Goodwill, net, ending balance	84,697	45,826
Other Businesses [Member]
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Goodwill, beginning balance	253,399	91,351
Accumulated impairment losses, beginning balance	(14,563)	(14,563)
Goodwill, net, beginning balance	238,836	76,788
Measurement period adjustment	(2,183)
Acquisitions	0	162,048
Impairment	(102,124)	0
Foreign currency exchange rate changes	0	0
Goodwill, ending balance	251,216	253,399
Accumulated impairment losses, ending balance	(116,687)	(14,563)
Goodwill, net, ending balance	$ 134,529	$ 238,836

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (Other Intangible Assets) (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Amortized Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 544,128	$ 581,877
Accumulated Amortization	382,706	334,757
Net Carrying Amount	161,422	247,120
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Net Carrying Amount	178,934	142,180
Student and Customer Relationships [Member]
Amortized Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	297,766	300,027
Accumulated Amortization	230,429	206,714
Net Carrying Amount	67,337	93,313
Trade Names and Trademarks [Member]
Amortized Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	148,102	158,365
Accumulated Amortization	81,078	68,113
Net Carrying Amount	$ 67,024	$ 90,252
Network affiliation agreements [Member]
Amortized Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Useful Life (in years)	10 years	10 years
Gross Carrying Amount	$ 17,400	$ 17,400
Accumulated Amortization	10,367	8,628
Net Carrying Amount	7,033	8,772
Databases and Technology [Member]
Amortized Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	36,216	36,585
Accumulated Amortization	32,219	26,464
Net Carrying Amount	3,997	10,121
Non-compete Agreements [Member]
Amortized Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	1,000	1,000
Accumulated Amortization	995	991
Net Carrying Amount	5	9
Other [Member]
Amortized Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross Carrying Amount	43,644	68,500
Accumulated Amortization	27,618	23,847
Net Carrying Amount	$ 16,026	$ 44,653
Minimum [Member] \| Student and Customer Relationships [Member]
Amortized Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Useful Life (in years)	2 years	2 years
Minimum [Member] \| Trade Names and Trademarks [Member]
Amortized Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Useful Life (in years)	2 years	2 years
Minimum [Member] \| Databases and Technology [Member]
Amortized Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Useful Life (in years)	3 years	3 years
Minimum [Member] \| Non-compete Agreements [Member]
Amortized Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Useful Life (in years)	2 years	2 years
Minimum [Member] \| Other [Member]
Amortized Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Useful Life (in years)	1 year	1 year
Maximum [Member]
Amortized Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Useful Life (in years)	15 years
Maximum [Member] \| Student and Customer Relationships [Member]
Amortized Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Useful Life (in years)	10 years	10 years
Maximum [Member] \| Trade Names and Trademarks [Member]
Amortized Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Useful Life (in years)	15 years	15 years
Maximum [Member] \| Databases and Technology [Member]
Amortized Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Useful Life (in years)	6 years	6 years
Maximum [Member] \| Non-compete Agreements [Member]
Amortized Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Useful Life (in years)	5 years	5 years
Maximum [Member] \| Other [Member]
Amortized Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Useful Life (in years)	8 years	8 years
Franchise Rights [Member]
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Net Carrying Amount	$ 85,858	$ 44,058
Trade Names and Trademarks [Member]
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Net Carrying Amount	81,905	86,972
FCC licenses [Member]
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Net Carrying Amount	11,000	11,000
Licensure and Accreditation [Member]
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Net Carrying Amount	150	150
Other [Member]
Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Net Carrying Amount	$ 21	$ 0

Income Taxes (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Income Taxes (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Continuing Operations, Adjustment of Deferred Tax (Asset) Liability		$ 17,200,000
State and local taxes, net of U.S. Federal tax	$ (331,000)	2,238,000	$ 15,366,000
Deferred state income tax asset	61,826,000	63,050,000
Deferred tax assets with respect to U.S. Federal income tax loss carryforwards	64,310,000	69,509,000
Deferred tax assets with respect to non U.S. income tax loss carryforwards	19,937,000	18,877,000
Valuation Allowance, Amount	62,816,000	57,603,000
Deferred income tax liabilities related to undistributed earnings of investments in non-U.S. subsidiaries	2,084,000	2,001,000
Income taxes receivable	9,313,000	32,744,000
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	563,005,000	583,629,000
Interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits	300,000
Penalties accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits	0
State [Member]
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Income tax loss carryforwards to expire	1,049,700,000
Deferred state income tax asset	61,800,000
Valuation allowance related to operating loss carryforwards	41,600,000
Non-U.S.deferred tax asset related to capital loss carryforwards	36,000	107,000
Valuation Allowance, Amount	43,200,000
Unrecognized tax benefit that would impact the effective tax rate	2,000,000
State [Member] \| Leaf Group [Member]
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Income tax loss carryforwards to expire		115,400,000
U.S. Federal [Member]
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Income tax loss carryforwards obtained as a result of prior stock acqusitions	306,200,000
Deferred tax assets with respect to U.S. Federal income tax loss carryforwards	64,300,000
Foreign tax credit carryforwards	1,300,000
Deferred tax assets with respect to U.S. Federal foreign tax credit carryforwards	1,271,000	970,000
Tax Credit Carryforward, Valuation Allowance	1,300,000
Unrecognized tax benefit that would impact the effective tax rate	1,900,000
Federal tax impact of unrecognized tax benefits that would impact the effective tax rate	400,000
U.S. Federal [Member] \| Leaf Group [Member]
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Income tax loss carryforwards obtained as a result of prior stock acqusitions		262,500,000
non-U.S. [Member]
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Tax loss carryforwards as a result of operating losses and prior stock acquisitions	91,100,000
Deferred tax assets with respect to non U.S. income tax loss carryforwards	19,900,000
Valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets recorded for the tax losses carryforward	14,400,000
Tax loss carryforwards from operating losses and prior stock acquisitions that can be carried forward indefinitely	50,700,000
Non-U.S.deferred tax asset related to capital loss carryforwards	3,458,000	$ 3,707,000
Valuation Allowance, Amount	18,200,000
non-U.S. [Member] \| Through 2027 [Member]
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Tax loss carryforwards subject to expiration	26,000,000
non-U.S. [Member] \| After 2027 [Member]
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Tax loss carryforwards subject to expiration	14,400,000
Capital loss carryforward [Member] \| non-U.S. [Member]
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Carryforward amount	11,500,000
Valuation Allowance, Amount	$ 3,500,000

Income Taxes (Income from Operations) (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Income before Income Taxes [Abstract]
U.S.	$ 69,499	$ 421,420	$ 403,295
Non-U.S.	52,235	28,207	3,973
Income Before Income Taxes	$ 121,734	$ 449,627	$ 407,268

- Definition

Amount of income (loss) from continuing operations, including income (loss) from equity method investments, before deduction of income tax expense (benefit), and income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (c)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8933-108599

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 30
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8906-108599

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (f)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8933-108599

Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 940
-SubTopic 20
-Section 25
-Paragraph 1
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126941158&loc=d3e41242-110953

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 22
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8736-108599

Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 220
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(10))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126953954&loc=SL114868664-224227

Reference 7: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 944
-SubTopic 220
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.7-04(8))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120400993&loc=SL114874131-224263

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 942
-SubTopic 235
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.9-05(b)(2))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120399901&loc=d3e537907-122884

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 31
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=126901519&loc=d3e8924-108599

Reference 10: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 942
-SubTopic 220
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.9-04(15))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120399700&loc=SL114874048-224260

+ Details

Income Taxes (Provision for Income Taxes Components) (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Expense (Benefit), Continuing Operations [Abstract]
U.S. Federal, Current	$ 37,525	$ 20,806	$ 77,882
State and Local, Current	5,676	4,354	8,083
Non-U.S., Current	11,943	6,094	6,958
Total income tax, Current	55,144	31,254	92,923
U.S. Federal, Deferred	(6,180)	64,356	6,669
State and Local, Deferred	2,513	(435)	4,954
Non-U.S., Deferred	(177)	1,125	2,754
Total income tax, Deferred	(3,844)	65,046	14,377
U.S. Federal, Total	31,345	85,162	84,551
State and Local, Total	8,189	3,919	13,037
Non-U.S., Total	11,766	7,219	9,712
Total provision for income tax	$ 51,300	$ 96,300	$ 107,300

Income Taxes (Income Tax Reconciliation) (Details 3) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Income Taxes [Line Items]
U.S. Federal taxes at statutory rate	$ 25,564	$ 94,422	$ 85,526
State and local taxes, net of U.S. Federal tax	(331)	2,238	15,366
Stock based compensation	2	(24)	2,048
Goodwill impairments	15,628	1,612	0
Other, net	3,374	(6,849)	6,982
Total provision for income tax	51,300	96,300	107,300
State [Member]
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Valuation allowance against tax benefits	6,800	859	(5,067)
non-U.S. [Member]
Income Taxes [Line Items]
Valuation allowance against tax benefits	$ 263	$ 4,042	$ 2,445

Income Taxes (Deferred Income Taxes Components) (Details 4) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Deferred Income Tax Liabilities [Line Items]
Employee benefit obligations	$ 53,307	$ 64,258
Accounts receivable	3,770	3,554
State income tax loss carryforwards	61,826	63,050
U.S. Federal income tax loss carryforwards	64,310	69,509
Non-U.S. income tax loss carryforwards	19,937	18,877
Leases	59,072	63,715
Other	2,350	6,396
Deferred tax assets	269,758	294,654
Valuation allowance	(62,816)	(57,603)
Deferred tax assets, net	206,942	237,051
Unrealized gain on marketable equity securities	87,204	138,868
Goodwill and other intangible assets	81,593	103,497
Property, plant and equipment	19,703	15,451
Leases	49,473	51,668
Non-U.S. withholding tax	2,084	2,001
Deferred tax liabilities	666,405	905,857
Deferred Income Tax Liabilities, Net	459,463	668,806
non-U.S. [Member]
Deferred Income Tax Liabilities [Line Items]
Capital loss carryforwards	3,458	3,707
Non-U.S. income tax loss carryforwards	19,900
Valuation allowance	(18,200)
U.S. Federal [Member]
Deferred Income Tax Liabilities [Line Items]
U.S. Federal income tax loss carryforwards	64,300
U.S Federal foreign income tax credit carryforwards	1,271	970
State [Member]
Deferred Income Tax Liabilities [Line Items]
State income tax loss carryforwards	61,800
Capital loss carryforwards	36	107
Income tax credit carryforwards	421	511
Valuation allowance	(43,200)
Pension Plan [Member]
Deferred Income Tax Liabilities [Line Items]
Prepaid pension cost	$ 426,348	$ 594,372

Income Taxes (Operating Loss Carryforwards) (Details 5) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
State [Member]
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Income tax loss carryforwards to expire	$ 1,049.7
U.S. Federal [Member]
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Income tax loss carryforwards to be fully utilized	306.2
2023 [Member] \| State [Member]
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Income tax loss carryforwards to expire	5.4
2023 [Member] \| U.S. Federal [Member]
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Income tax loss carryforwards to be fully utilized	27.8
2024 [Member] \| State [Member]
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Income tax loss carryforwards to expire	7.2
2024 [Member] \| U.S. Federal [Member]
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Income tax loss carryforwards to be fully utilized	27.8
2025 [Member] \| State [Member]
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Income tax loss carryforwards to expire	18.1
2025 [Member] \| U.S. Federal [Member]
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Income tax loss carryforwards to be fully utilized	24.8
2026 [Member] \| State [Member]
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Income tax loss carryforwards to expire	13.7
2026 [Member] \| U.S. Federal [Member]
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Income tax loss carryforwards to be fully utilized	14.0
2027 [Member] \| State [Member]
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Income tax loss carryforwards to expire	17.6
2027 [Member] \| U.S. Federal [Member]
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Income tax loss carryforwards to be fully utilized	6.6
2028 and after [Member] \| State [Member]
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Income tax loss carryforwards to expire	987.7
2028 and after [Member] \| U.S. Federal [Member]
Operating Loss Carryforwards [Line Items]
Income tax loss carryforwards to be fully utilized	$ 205.2

Income Taxes (Deferred Tax Valuation Allowances) (Details 6) - Deferred Tax Valuation Allowance [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Movement in Valuation Allowances and Reserves [Roll Forward]
Balance at Beginning of Period	$ 57,603	$ 47,217	$ 46,243
Tax Expense and Revaluation	7,460	13,915	7,303
Deductions	(2,247)	(3,529)	(6,329)
Balance at End of Period	$ 62,816	$ 57,603	$ 47,217

Income Taxes (Unrecognized Tax Benefits Rollforward) (Details 7) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Excluding Amounts Pertaining to Examined Tax Returns [Roll Forward]
Beginning unrecognized tax benefits	$ 3,004	$ 1,898	$ 1,572
Increases related to current year tax positions	300	1,061	742
Increases related to prior year tax positions	778	45	656
Decrease related to prior year tax positions	(185)	0	0
Decreases related to settlement with tax authorities	0	0	(1,072)
Decreases due to lapse of applicable statute of limitations	0	0	0
Ending unrecognized tax benefits	$ 3,897	$ 3,004	$ 1,898

Debt (Narrative) (Details)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 02, 2022

USD ($)

Jul. 05, 2022

USD ($)

Oct. 21, 2021

USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2022

USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2021

USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2020

USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2022

GBP (£)

Jan. 26, 2021

USD ($)

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Average borrowings outstanding

$ 689,900,000

$ 545,200,000

Average annual interest rate of borrowings

4.80%

Interest Expense, Net

$ (51,177,000)

$ (30,534,000)

$ (34,439,000)

Interest expense

54,403,000

33,943,000

38,310,000

5.75% Unsecured Notes maturing in 2026 [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Unamortized debt issuance costs

2,500,000

3,200,000

Debt instrument, face amount

$ 400,000,000

Interest rate

5.75%

Fair value of debt instrument

$ 395,100,000

417,500,000

Five-Year Credit Agreement maturing in 2027 [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Credit facility current borrowing capacity

300,000,000

Line of credit facility outstanding

200,236,000

209,643,000

USD revolving credit facility borrowings [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Line of credit facility outstanding

140,000,000

GBP revolving credit facility borrowings [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Line of credit facility outstanding | £

£ 50,000,000

Commercial note with Truist Bank maturing in 2032 - $71.6 million [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Notes Payable to Bank

66,513,000

22,500,000

Commercial note with Truist Bank maturing in 2032 - $27.2 million [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Unamortized debt issuance costs

100,000

Notes Payable to Bank

^[1]

26,548,000

Commercial note with Truist Bank maturing in 2031 - $24.75 million [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Unamortized debt issuance costs

100,000

Notes Payable to Bank

^[2]

$ 23,522,000

24,504,000

Pinnacle Bank Term Loan maturing in 2024 [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Interest rate

4.15%

Loans Payable to Bank

$ 8,433,000

9,558,000

Secured Overnight Financing Rates (SOFR) [Member] | USD revolving credit facility borrowings [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Applicable interest rate margin

1.375%

Prime Rate [Member] | USD revolving credit facility borrowings [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Applicable interest rate margin

0.375%

Sterling Overnight Interbank Average Rate (SONIA) [Member] | GBP revolving credit facility borrowings [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Applicable interest rate margin

1.375%

Automotive [Member] | Commercial note with Truist Bank maturing in 2032 - $71.6 million [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Notes Payable to Bank

$ 71,600,000

Debt Instrument, Term

10 years

Automotive [Member] | Commercial note with Truist Bank maturing in 2032 - $27.2 million [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Notes Payable to Bank

$ 27,200,000

Debt Instrument, Term

10 years

Automotive [Member] | Interest Rate Swap maturing in 2032 - $27.2 million [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Derivative, Notional Amount

$ 27,200,000

Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate

4.861%

Automotive [Member] | Commercial note with Truist Bank maturing in 2031 - $24.75 million [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Notes Payable to Bank

$ 24,750,000

Debt Instrument, Term

10 years

Automotive [Member] | Interest Rate Swap maturing in 2031 - $24.75 million [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Derivative, Notional Amount

$ 24,750,000

Derivative, Fixed Interest Rate

4.118%

Automotive [Member] | Secured Overnight Financing Rates (SOFR) [Member] | Commercial note with Truist Bank maturing in 2032 - $71.6 million [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Applicable interest rate margin

2.05%

Automotive [Member] | Secured Overnight Financing Rates (SOFR) [Member] | Commercial note with Truist Bank maturing in 2032 - $27.2 million [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Applicable interest rate margin

1.80%

Automotive [Member] | Secured Overnight Financing Rates (SOFR) [Member] | Interest Rate Swap maturing in 2032 - $27.2 million [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Derivative, Basis Spread on Variable Rate

1.80%

Automotive [Member] | Secured Overnight Financing Rates (SOFR) [Member] | Commercial note with Truist Bank maturing in 2031 - $24.75 million [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Applicable interest rate margin

1.80%

Automotive [Member] | Secured Overnight Financing Rates (SOFR) [Member] | Interest Rate Swap maturing in 2031 - $24.75 million [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Derivative, Basis Spread on Variable Rate

1.80%

Graham Healthcare Group [Member] | Pinnacle Bank Line Of Credit maturing in 2023 [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Line of credit facility outstanding

$ 0

Line of Credit Facility, Maximum Borrowing Capacity

$ 6,000,000

Graham Healthcare Group [Member] | Pinnacle Bank Term Loan maturing in 2024 [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Interest rate

4.15%

Loans Payable to Bank

$ 10,600,000

Graham Healthcare Group [Member] | Secured Overnight Financing Rates (SOFR) [Member] | Pinnacle Bank Line Of Credit maturing in 2023 [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Applicable interest rate margin

2.85%

Securities Subject to Mandatory Redemption [Member] | Graham Healthcare Group [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Interest expense

$ 16,500,000

$ 4,100,000

$ 8,500,000

[1]	The carrying value is net of $0.1 million of unamortized debt issuance costs as of December 31, 2022.
[2]	The carrying value is net of $0.1 million of unamortized debt issuance costs as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Debt (Details 1) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands

Dec. 31, 2022

Dec. 31, 2021

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Other indebtedness

$ 3,560

$ 4,466

Total Debt

726,360

667,501

Less: current portion

(155,813)

(141,749)

Total Long-Term Debt

570,547

525,752

5.75% Unsecured Notes maturing in 2026 [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Unsecured notes

^[1]

397,548

396,830

Unamortized debt issuance costs

$ 2,500

3,200

Stated interest rate

5.75%

Effective interest rate

5.75%

Five-Year Credit Agreement maturing in 2027 [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Credit Facility

$ 200,236

209,643

Effective interest rate

3.16%

Commercial note with Truist Bank maturing in 2031 - $24.75 million [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Notes Payable to Bank

^[2]

$ 23,522

24,504

Unamortized debt issuance costs

$ 100

100

Effective interest rate

3.39%

Commercial note with Truist Bank maturing in 2032 - $71.6 million [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Notes Payable to Bank

$ 66,513

22,500

Effective interest rate

3.71%

Commercial note with Truist Bank maturing in 2032 - $27.2 million [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Notes Payable to Bank

^[3]

$ 26,548

Unamortized debt issuance costs

$ 100

Effective interest rate

4.78%

Pinnacle Bank Term Loan maturing in 2024 [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Loans Payable to Bank

$ 8,433

$ 9,558

Stated interest rate

4.15%

Effective interest rate

4.19%

Minimum [Member] | Five-Year Credit Agreement maturing in 2027 [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Stated interest rate

1.61%

Minimum [Member] | Commercial note with Truist Bank maturing in 2031 - $24.75 million [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Stated interest rate

1.85%

Minimum [Member] | Commercial note with Truist Bank maturing in 2032 - $71.6 million [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Stated interest rate

2.10%

Minimum [Member] | Commercial note with Truist Bank maturing in 2032 - $27.2 million [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Stated interest rate

3.49%

Minimum [Member] | Other Indebtedness [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Stated interest rate

0.00%

Maximum [Member] | Five-Year Credit Agreement maturing in 2027 [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Stated interest rate

7.88%

Maximum [Member] | Commercial note with Truist Bank maturing in 2031 - $24.75 million [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Stated interest rate

5.77%

Maximum [Member] | Commercial note with Truist Bank maturing in 2032 - $71.6 million [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Stated interest rate

6.17%

Maximum [Member] | Commercial note with Truist Bank maturing in 2032 - $27.2 million [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Stated interest rate

5.92%

Maximum [Member] | Other Indebtedness [Member]

Debt Instrument [Line Items]

Stated interest rate

16.00%

[1]	The carrying value is net of $2.5 million and $3.2 million of unamortized debt issuance costs as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
[2]	The carrying value is net of $0.1 million of unamortized debt issuance costs as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.
[3]	The carrying value is net of $0.1 million of unamortized debt issuance costs as of December 31, 2022.

Fair Value Measurements (Narrative) (Details) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2021 USD ($) investment	Mar. 31, 2020 USD ($) investment	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($) investment
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Impairment of goodwill and other long-lived assets			$ 128,990	$ 32,940	$ 30,170
Net gain on cost method investments			6,883	11,756	4,209
Impairment of a cost method investment			$ 1,305	0	7,327
Equity Method Investment Impairment	$ 6,600	$ 3,600		$ 6,600	$ 3,600
Number of investments in affiliates impaired \| investment	1	2			2

Fair Value Measurements (Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities) (Details 1) - USD ($)

Dec. 31, 2022

Dec. 31, 2021

Assets

Money market investments

$ 7,700,000

$ 0

Marketable equity securities

609,921,000

809,997,000

Fair Value, Recurring [Member]

Assets

Money market investments

^[1]

7,686,000

Marketable equity securities

^[2]

609,921,000

809,997,000

Other current investments

^[3]

12,487,000

14,448,000

Interest rate swap

^[4]

2,636,000

Total Financial Assets

632,730,000

824,445,000

Liabilities

Contingent consideration liabilities

^[5]

8,423,000

14,881,000

Interest rate swap

^[6]

2,049,000

Foreign exchange swap

^[7]

333,000

484,000

Mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest

^[8]

30,845,000

13,661,000

Total Financial Liabilities

39,601,000

31,075,000

Level 1 [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member]

Assets

Money market investments

^[1]

Marketable equity securities

^[2]

609,921,000

809,997,000

Other current investments

^[3]

7,471,000

7,230,000

Interest rate swap

^[4]

Total Financial Assets

617,392,000

817,227,000

Liabilities

Contingent consideration liabilities

^[5]

Interest rate swap

^[6]

Foreign exchange swap

^[7]

Mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest

^[8]

Total Financial Liabilities

Level 2 [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member]

Assets

Money market investments

^[1]

7,686,000

Marketable equity securities

^[2]

Other current investments

^[3]

5,016,000

7,218,000

Interest rate swap

^[4]

2,636,000

Total Financial Assets

15,338,000

7,218,000

Liabilities

Contingent consideration liabilities

^[5]

Interest rate swap

^[6]

2,049,000

Foreign exchange swap

^[7]

333,000

484,000

Mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest

^[8]

Total Financial Liabilities

333,000

2,533,000

Level 3 [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member]

Assets

Money market investments

^[1]

Marketable equity securities

^[2]

Other current investments

^[3]

Interest rate swap

^[4]

Total Financial Assets

Liabilities

Contingent consideration liabilities

^[5]

8,423,000

14,881,000

Interest rate swap

^[6]

Foreign exchange swap

^[7]

Mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest

^[8]

30,845,000

13,661,000

Total Financial Liabilities

$ 39,268,000

$ 28,542,000

[1]	The Company’s money market investments are included in cash and cash equivalents and the value considers the liquidity of the counterparty.
[2]	The Company’s investments in marketable equity securities are held in common shares of U.S. corporations that are actively traded on U.S. exchanges. Price quotes for these shares are readily available.
[3]	Includes U.S. Government Securities, corporate bonds, mutual funds and time deposits. These investments are valued using a market approach based on the quoted market prices of the security or inputs that include quoted market prices for similar instruments and are classified as either Level 1 or Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.
[4]	Included in Deferred Charges and Other Assets. The Company utilized a market approach model using a notional amount of the interest rate swaps multiplied by the observable inputs of time to maturity and market interest rates.
[5]	Included in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities and Other Liabilities. The Company determined the fair value of the contingent consideration liabilities using either a Monte Carlo simulation, Black-Scholes model, or probability-weighted analysis depending on the type of target included in the contingent consideration requirements (revenue, EBITDA, client retention). All analyses included estimated financial projections for the acquired businesses and acquisition-specific discount rates.
[6]	Included in Other Liabilities. The Company utilized a market approach model using the notional amount of the interest rate swap multiplied by the observable inputs of time to maturity and market interest rates.
[7]	Included in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities, and valued based on a valuation model that calculates the differential between the contract price and the market-based forward rate.
[8]	The fair value of the mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest is based on the fair value of the underlying subsidiaries owned by GHC One and GHC Two, after taking into account any debt and other noncontrolling interests of its subsidiary investments. The fair value of the owned subsidiaries is determined using enterprise value analyses which include an equal weighing between guideline public company and discounted cash flow analyses.

Fair Value Measurements (Reconciliation of Changes in Financial Liabilities Fair Value Using Level 3 Inputs) (Details 2) - Level 3 [Member] - USD ($)
$ in Thousands

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Dec. 31, 2021

Contingent consideration liabilities [Member]

Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]

Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Liability Value, Beginning Balance

$ 14,881

$ 37,174

Acquisition of business

397

1,868

Changes in fair value

^[1]

(6,672)

(5,482)

Capital contributions

Accretion of value included in net income

^[1]

1,567

1,275

Settlements or distributions

(1,750)

(19,942)

Foreign currency exchange rate changes

(12)

Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Liability Value, Ending Balance

8,423

14,881

Mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest [Member]

Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]

Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Liability Value, Beginning Balance

13,661

9,240

Acquisition of business

Changes in fair value

^[1]

16,489

4,077

Capital contributions

1,018

427

Accretion of value included in net income

^[1]

Settlements or distributions

(323)

(83)

Foreign currency exchange rate changes

Fair Value, Measurement with Unobservable Inputs Reconciliation, Recurring Basis, Liability Value, Ending Balance

$ 30,845

$ 13,661

[1]

Changes in fair value and accretion of value of contingent consideration liabilities are included in Selling, general and administrative expenses and the changes in fair value of mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest is included in Interest expense in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2020	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Deferred revenue recognized in period related to beginning balance			$ 308.2
Provider Relief Fund [Member] \| Graham Healthcare Group [Member] \| CARES Act relief from COVID-19 [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Government Relief, CARES Act		$ 7.4
Amount of Revenue Recognized From Provider Relief Fund					$ 5.7
Medicare Accelerated Advanced Payment Program Relief Fund [Member] \| Graham Healthcare Group [Member] \| CARES Act relief from COVID-19 [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Government Relief, CARES Act	$ 31.5
Amount of Revenue Recognized From Government Relief, CARES Act			$ 12.6	$ 18.9
Transferred over Time [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of Revenue			58.00%	67.00%	73.00%
Transferred at Point in Time [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of Revenue			42.00%	33.00%	27.00%
U.S. [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of Revenue			81.00%	78.00%	78.00%
Non U.S. [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of Revenue			19.00%	22.00%	22.00%
Kaplan International [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Contract with Customer, Asset, Net, Noncurrent			$ 26.3	$ 17.7
Supplemental Education [Member] \| Long-term Contract with Customer [Member]
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Minimum Term of Contract			12 months
Revenue Remaining Performance Obligation Percentage of Revenue Expected to be Recognized Over Next 12 Months			68.00%

Revenue from Contract with Customer (Narrative 2) (Details) - Long-term Contract with Customer [Member] - Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2023-01-01 $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Kaplan International [Member]
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Amount	$ 312.0
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period	7 years
Supplemental Education [Member]
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Amount	$ 7.2
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Period	12 months

Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Contract Liability) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Deferred Revenue	$ 385,507	$ 363,065
Deferred Revenue, Period Increase Percentage	6.00%

Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Capitalized Contract Cost) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]
Contract costs capitalized during the period	$ 72,606	$ 61,214	$ 51,891
Costs amortized during the period	(66,064)	(59,116)	(58,855)
Change in capitalized contract cost, other	(976)	(380)	307
Balance of costs to obtain a contract	$ 31,647	$ 26,081	$ 24,363	$ 31,020

Capital Stock, Stock Awards, and Stock Options (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Sep. 10, 2020
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Cost of shares repurchased by company		$ 71,386,000	$ 55,683,000	$ 161,829,000
Shares subject to award outstanding		27,218	31,571
Number of shares forfeited due to modification		4,353
Number of shares awarded		1,221
Exercised, Number of Shares		5,084
Number of shares granted		0
Stock options outstanding		178,105	183,189
Dividends declared per common share		$ 6.32	$ 6.04	$ 5.80
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Vested in Period		1,221
Kaplan Stock Option [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Exercised, Number of Shares		0	0	0
Number of shares granted		0	0	0
Stock options outstanding		0
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares excluded from earnings per share		105,000	104,000	181,258
Maximum [Member] \| Kaplan Stock Option [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period		5 years
Minimum [Member] \| Kaplan Stock Option [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period		4 years
Education [Member] \| Kaplan Stock Option and Restricted Stock [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense (credit)		$ 1,000,000	$ 1,300,000	$ (1,100,000)
Accrual balance related to stock based compensation		11,300,000
Stock compensation payouts		$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Class B Common Stock [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Right to elect Board of Directors percentage		30.00%
Shares repurchased by company		121,761	93,969	406,112
Cost of shares repurchased by company		$ 71,400,000	$ 55,700,000	$ 161,800,000
Number of shares authorized to be repurchased					500,000
Authorized shares remaining for repurchase		148,421
Market value of company's stock (in dollars per share)		$ 604.21
Class B Common Stock [Member] \| Restricted Stock [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share awards outstanding, restriction will lapse in 2023		11,120
Share awards outstanding, restriction will lapse in 2025		14,098
Stock-based compensation expense (credit)		$ 3,400,000	3,900,000	4,100,000
Total unrecognized compensation expense		$ 4,600,000
Years over which cost expected to be recognized		1 year 4 months 24 days
Share awards outstanding, restriction will lapse in 2027		2,000
Class B Common Stock [Member] \| Share-based Payment Arrangement [Member] \| Executive Officer \| Price-Based
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense (credit)		$ 1,300,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Vested in Period		0
Number of contingently issuable shares		1,000
Class B Common Stock [Member] \| Share-based Payment Arrangement [Member] \| Executive Officer \| Price-Based \| Monte Carlo
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award, Award other than Options, Grants in Periods, Grante Date Fair Value		$ 3,500,000
Class B Common Stock [Member] \| Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense (credit)		1,200,000	$ 1,700,000	$ 2,200,000
Total unrecognized compensation expense		$ 4,400,000
Years over which cost expected to be recognized		3 years 8 months 12 days
Options outstanding exercisable now		126,264
Options outstanding exercisable in 2023 (shares)		13,211
Options outstanding exercisable in 2024 (shares)		12,876
Options outstanding exercisable in 2025 (shares)		12,877
Options outstanding exercisable in 2026 (shares)		12,877
Intrinsic value of options outstanding		$ 13,100,000
Intrinsic value of options exercisable		4,000,000
Intrinsic value of options unvested		$ 9,100,000
Options unvested, shares		51,841	65,050
Options unvested, average exercise price (in dollars per share)		$ 429.57	$ 431.16
Options unvested, weighted average remaining contractual term, years		7 years 8 months 12 days	8 years 8 months 12 days
Exercised, Number of Shares		5,084	0	77,258
Intrinsic value of options exercised		$ 1,200,000		$ 11,100,000
Tax benefit from stock option exercises		$ 300,000		$ 2,900,000
Class B Common Stock [Member] \| Subsequent Event [Member] \| Restricted Stock [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares awarded	14,630
Class B Common Stock [Member] \| Maximum [Member] \| Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period		10 years
Class B Common Stock [Member] \| Minimum [Member] \| Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting period		6 years
Class B Common Stock [Member] \| 2012 Incentive Compensation Plan [Member] \| Share-based Payment Arrangement [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares reserved for issuance		206,323
Shares subject to award outstanding		206,323
Class B Common Stock [Member] \| 2022 Incentive Compensation Plan \| Share-based Payment Arrangement [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares reserved for stock awards granted under the plan		500,000
Shares reserved for issuance		499,655
Shares available for future awards		499,655
Class B Common Stock [Member] \| 2022 Incentive Compensation Plan \| Share-based Payment Arrangement [Member] \| non-employee Director
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares awarded		345
Stock-based compensation expense (credit)		$ 200,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Vested in Period		345
Kaplan Restricted Stock [Member] \| Senior Manager [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares subject to award outstanding		7,206
Kaplan Restricted Stock [Member] \| Subsequent Event [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Fair value of company common stock (in dollars per share)	$ 1,565
Exercise Price Above Fair Market Value Of Common Stock [Member] \| Class B Common Stock [Member] \| Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares granted		0	0	77,258
Weighted average fair value, granted options (in dollars per share)				$ 93.79

Capital Stock, Stock Awards, and Stock Options (Stock Awards Rollforward) (Details 1)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 $ / shares shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares [Roll Forward]
Beginning of year, unvested, Number of Shares \| shares	31,571
Awarded, Number of Shares \| shares	1,221
Vested, Number of Shares \| shares	(1,221)
Forfeited, Number of Shares \| shares	(4,353)
End of year, unvested, Number of Shares \| shares	27,218
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value [Abstract]
Beginning of year, Average Grant-Date Fair Value (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 579.37
Awarded, Average Grant-Date Fair Value (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	605.49
Vested, Average Grant-Date Fair Value (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	605.49
Forfeited, Average Grant-Date Fair Value (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	576.45
End of year, Average Grant-Date Fair Value (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 579.84

Capital Stock, Stock Awards, and Stock Options (Stock Options Rollforward) (Details 2) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Beginning, Number of Shares	183,189
Granted, Number of Shares	0
Exercised, Number of Shares	(5,084)
Expired or forfeited, Number of Shares	0
End, Number of Shares	178,105	183,189
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price [Abstract]
Beginning, Average Option Price (in dollars per share)	$ 612.16
Granted, Average Option Price (in dollars per share)	0
Exercised, Average Option Price (in dollars per share)	357.35
Expired or forfeited, Average Option Price (in dollars per share)	0
End, Average Option Price (in dollars per share)	$ 619.44	$ 612.16
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member] \| Common Class B [Member]
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Options, Outstanding [Roll Forward]
Exercised, Number of Shares	(5,084)	0	(77,258)

Capital Stock, Stock Awards, and Stock Options (Options Outstanding and Exercisable) (Details 3) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Options Outstanding, Shares Outstanding	178,105	183,189
Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)	4 years 4 months 24 days
Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 619.44	$ 612.16
Options Exercisable, Shares Exercisable	126,264
Options Exercisable, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)	3 years 1 month 6 days
Options Exercisable, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 697.39
Exercise Price $427 [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Low Exercise Price Range	$ 427
Options Outstanding, Shares Outstanding	74,105
Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)	7 years 8 months 12 days
Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 426.86
Options Exercisable, Shares Exercisable	22,599
Options Exercisable, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)	7 years 8 months 12 days
Options Exercisable, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 426.86
Exercise Price $719 [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Low Exercise Price Range	$ 719
Options Outstanding, Shares Outstanding	77,258
Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)	1 year 9 months 18 days
Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 719.15
Options Exercisable, Shares Exercisable	77,258
Options Exercisable, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)	1 year 9 months 18 days
Options Exercisable, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 719.15
Exercise Price Range of $805-$872 [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Options Outstanding, Shares Outstanding	26,742
Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)	3 years
Options Outstanding, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 865.02
Options Exercisable, Shares Exercisable	26,407
Options Exercisable, Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years)	2 years 10 months 24 days
Options Exercisable, Weighted Average Exercise Price (in dollars per share)	$ 865.26
Exercise Price Range of $805-$872 [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Low Exercise Price Range	805
Exercise Price Range of $805-$872 [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items]
Low Exercise Price Range	$ 872

Capital Stock, Stock Awards, and Stock Options (Fair Value Assumptions) (Details 4)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2020
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected life (in years)	8 years
Interest rate	0.53%
Volatility (percentage)	27.70%
Dividend yield	1.45%

Capital Stock, Stock Awards, and Stock Options (Earnings Per Share) (Details 5) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted, Including Two Class Method [Line Items]
Net income attributable to Graham Holdings Company common stockholders	$ 67,079	$ 352,075	$ 300,365
Less: Dividends paid–common stock outstanding and unvested restricted shares	(30,712)	(30,136)	(29,970)
Undistributed earnings	$ 36,367	$ 321,939	$ 270,395
Percent allocated to common stockholders	99.43%	99.36%	99.45%
Undistributed earnings allocated to common stockholders	$ 36,160	$ 319,867	$ 268,917
Add: Dividends paid–common stock outstanding	30,540	29,946	29,812
Numerator for basic earnings per share	66,700	349,813	298,729
Add: Additional undistributed earnings due to dilutive stock options	0	5	4
Numerator for diluted earnings per share	$ 66,700	$ 349,818	$ 298,733
Weighted average shares outstanding (shares)	4,823	4,951	5,124
Denominator for diluted earnings per share (shares)	4,836	4,965	5,139
Graham Holdings Company Common Stockholders:
Basic net income per common share (in USD per share)	$ 13.83	$ 70.65	$ 58.30
Earnings Per Share, Diluted (in usd per share)	$ 13.79	$ 70.45	$ 58.13
Stock Option Plan [Member]
Schedule of Earnings Per Share, Basic and Diluted, Including Two Class Method [Line Items]
Add: Effect of dilutive stock options (shares)	13	14	15

Capital Stock, Stock Awards, and Stock Options (Antidilutive Shares) (Details 6) - shares shares in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Capital Stock, Stock Awards, and Stock Options [Abstract]
Antidilutive Restricted Stock	18	13	12

Pensions and Other Postretirement Plans (Narrative) (Details)	3 Months Ended				12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) investment country	Jun. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) investment country multiemployer_plan	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) investment multiemployer_plan	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($) multiemployer_plan
Retirement Benefits Disclosure [Line Items]
Service cost					$ 32,567,000	$ 22,991,000	$ 22,656,000
Special separation benefit expense							$ 13,781,000
Number of multiemployer plans contributed to \| multiemployer_plan					1	1	1
Contributions to multiemployer pension plans					$ 100,000	$ 100,000	$ 100,000
Expense associated with the retirement benefits provided under incentive savings plans					11,600,000	10,900,000	8,800,000
Pension Plans [Member]
Retirement Benefits Disclosure [Line Items]
Service cost					32,567,000	22,991,000	22,656,000
Special separation benefit expense					3,624,000	1,132,000	13,781,000
Accumulated benefit obligation	$ 843,600,000				843,600,000	1,052,700,000
Company contributions					0	0
Estimated employer contributions in next fiscal year	$ 0				0
Benefits paid					$ 65,240,000	$ 63,510,000
Percent of Plan Assets Managed Internally by Company					41.00%
Percent Of Plan Assets Managed By Investment Companies					59.00%
Number of investment companies actively managing plan assets \| country	2				2
Percentage of total plan assets	100.00%				100.00%	100.00%
Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (SERP) [Member]
Retirement Benefits Disclosure [Line Items]
Service cost					$ 911,000	$ 1,022,000	$ 954,000
Accumulated benefit obligation	$ 88,000,000				88,000,000	112,200,000
Benefits paid					5,900,000	5,900,000
Other Postretirement Plans [Member]
Retirement Benefits Disclosure [Line Items]
Benefits paid					$ 200,000	$ 400,000
Discount rate to determine benefit obligation	4.76%				4.76%	2.23%
Discount rate to determine periodic cost					2.23%	1.78%	2.68%
Other Postretirement Plans [Member] \| Pre-Age 65 [Member]
Retirement Benefits Disclosure [Line Items]
Assumed health care cost trend rate	6.75%				6.75%
Direction of change for assumed health care cost trend rate					decreasing
Ultimate health care cost trend rate	4.50%				4.50%
Year that rate reaches ultimate trend rate					2032
Other Postretirement Plans [Member] \| Post-Age 65 [Member]
Retirement Benefits Disclosure [Line Items]
Assumed health care cost trend rate	6.92%				6.92%
Direction of change for assumed health care cost trend rate					decreasing
Ultimate health care cost trend rate	4.50%				4.50%
Year that rate reaches ultimate trend rate					2032
Other Postretirement Plans [Member] \| Medicare Advantage [Member]
Retirement Benefits Disclosure [Line Items]
Assumed health care cost trend rate	8.00%				8.00%
Direction of change for assumed health care cost trend rate					decreasing
Ultimate health care cost trend rate	4.50%				4.50%
Year that rate reaches ultimate trend rate					2032
Private investment fund [Member] \| Pension Plans [Member]
Retirement Benefits Disclosure [Line Items]
Percentage of total plan assets	16.00%				16.00%	17.00%
Single Equity Concentration [Member] \| Pension Plans [Member]
Retirement Benefits Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan, target allocation maximum percentage of assets, singular equity security, without prior approval by plan administrator					10.00%	10.00%
Value of investments	$ 842,600,000				$ 842,600,000	$ 998,800,000
Percentage of total plan assets	33.00%				33.00%	29.00%
Single Equity Concentration [Member] \| Equity securities [Member] \| Pension Plans [Member]
Retirement Benefits Disclosure [Line Items]
Number of investments the company's pension plan held which individually exceed 10% of total plan assets \| investment	1				1	1
Single Equity Concentration [Member] \| Private investment fund [Member] \| Pension Plans [Member]
Retirement Benefits Disclosure [Line Items]
Number of investments the company's pension plan held which individually exceed 10% of total plan assets \| investment	1				1	1
Defined Benefit Plan Assets Total [Member] \| Concentration In Single Entity, Type Of Industry, Foreign Country Or Individual Fund [Member] \| Pension Plans [Member]
Retirement Benefits Disclosure [Line Items]
Minimum percentage of plan assets considered as significant concentrations in pension plans					10.00%
Separation Incentive Program [Member] \| Pension Plans [Member] \| Group Dekko [Member]
Retirement Benefits Disclosure [Line Items]
Special separation benefit expense		$ 1,100,000
Graham Healthcare Group [Member] \| Pension Plans [Member]
Retirement Benefits Disclosure [Line Items]
Service cost					$ 10,500,000
Education [Member] \| Separation Incentive Program [Member] \| Pension Plans [Member]
Retirement Benefits Disclosure [Line Items]
Special separation benefit expense	$ 3,600,000		$ 7,800,000
Education Code3 And Decile [Member] \| Separation Incentive Program [Member] \| Pension Plans [Member]
Retirement Benefits Disclosure [Line Items]
Special separation benefit expense				$ 6,000,000
Maximum [Member] \| Graham Healthcare Group [Member] \| Pension Plans [Member]
Retirement Benefits Disclosure [Line Items]
Pension credit per employee					$ 50,000
Investment Manager 1 [Member] \| Alphabet And Berkshire Hathaway Common Stock [Member] \| Pension Plans [Member]
Retirement Benefits Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan, target allocation maximum percentage of assets, singular equity security, without prior approval by plan administrator					15.00%
Investment Manager 1 [Member] \| Maximum [Member] \| Foreign Investments [Member] \| Pension Plans [Member]
Retirement Benefits Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan, target allocation percentage of assets	30.00%				30.00%
Investment Manager 2 [Member] \| Berkshire Hathaway Common Stock [Member] \| Pension Plans [Member]
Retirement Benefits Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan, target allocation maximum percentage of assets, singular equity security, without prior approval by plan administrator					20.00%
Investment Manager 2 [Member] \| Maximum [Member] \| Foreign Investments [Member] \| Pension Plans [Member]
Retirement Benefits Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan, target allocation percentage of assets	15.00%				15.00%
Investment Manager 2 [Member] \| Minimum [Member] \| Fixed income securities [Member] \| Pension Plans [Member]
Retirement Benefits Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined benefit plan, target allocation percentage of assets	10.00%				10.00%

Pensions and Other Postretirement Plans (Obligation, Asset, and Funding Information) (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Benefit Obligation [Roll Forward]
Service cost	$ 32,567	$ 22,991	$ 22,656
Pension Plans [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Benefit Obligation [Roll Forward]
Benefit obligation at begining of year	1,088,309	1,095,117
Service cost	32,567	22,991	22,656
Interest cost	30,504	26,917	32,587
Amendments	0	2
Actuarial (gain) loss	(219,466)	5,660
Benefits paid	(65,240)	(63,510)
Special termination benefits	3,624	1,132
Benefit obligation at end of year	870,298	1,088,309	1,095,117
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Fair Value of Plan Assets [Roll Forward]
Fair value of assets at beginning of year	3,394,823	2,803,422
Actual return on plan assets	(801,239)	654,911
Benefits paid	(65,240)	(63,510)
Fair value of assets at end of year	2,528,344	3,394,823	2,803,422
Funded status	1,658,046	2,306,514
Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (SERP) [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Benefit Obligation [Roll Forward]
Benefit obligation at begining of year	112,706	122,299
Service cost	911	1,022	954
Interest cost	3,289	2,943	3,678
Actuarial (gain) loss	(20,956)	(7,640)
Benefits paid	(5,932)	(5,918)
Benefit obligation at end of year	90,018	112,706	122,299
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Fair Value of Plan Assets [Roll Forward]
Benefits paid	(5,900)	(5,900)
Funded status	(90,018)	(112,706)
Other Postretirement Plans [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Benefit Obligation [Roll Forward]
Benefit obligation at begining of year	4,722	5,587
Interest cost	98	92	167
Actuarial (gain) loss	(1,205)	(582)
Benefits paid, net of Medicare subsidy	(215)	(375)
Benefit obligation at end of year	3,400	4,722	$ 5,587
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Fair Value of Plan Assets [Roll Forward]
Benefits paid	(200)	(400)
Funded status	$ (3,400)	$ (4,722)

Pensions and Other Postretirement Plans (Consolidated Balance Sheet) (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Noncurrent asset	$ 1,658,046	$ 2,306,514
Pension Plans [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Noncurrent asset	1,658,046	2,306,514
Current liability	0	0
Noncurrent liability	0	0
Recognized asset (liability)	1,658,046	2,306,514
Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (SERP) [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Noncurrent asset	0	0
Current liability	(6,570)	(6,334)
Noncurrent liability	(83,448)	(106,372)
Recognized asset (liability)	(90,018)	(112,706)
Other Postretirement Plans [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Current liability	(541)	(671)
Noncurrent liability	(2,859)	(4,051)
Recognized asset (liability)	$ (3,400)	$ (4,722)

Pensions and Other Postretirement Plans (Key Assumptions - Obligation) (Details 3) - Benefit Obligation [Member]	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Pension Plans [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Discount rate (percent)	5.50%	2.90%
Cash balance interest crediting rate	4.28%	1.41%
Ultimate cash balance interest crediting rate	5.50%	2.90%
Year that reaches ultimate cash balance interest crediting rate	2025	2024
Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (SERP) [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Discount rate (percent)	5.50%	2.90%
Cash balance interest crediting rate	0.00%	0.00%
Maximum [Member] \| Pension Plans [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Rate of compensation increase (percent)	5.00%	5.00%
Maximum [Member] \| Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (SERP) [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Rate of compensation increase (percent)	5.00%	5.00%
Minimum [Member] \| Pension Plans [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Rate of compensation increase (percent)	1.00%	1.00%
Minimum [Member] \| Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (SERP) [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Rate of compensation increase (percent)	1.00%	1.00%

Pensions and Other Postretirement Plans (Future Estimated Benefit Payments) (Details 4) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Pension Plans [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
2023	$ 60,164
2024	61,225
2025	67,838
2026	66,898
2027	68,227
2028-2032	334,626
Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (SERP) [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
2023	6,748
2024	6,999
2025	7,244
2026	7,413
2027	7,452
2028-2032	36,725
Other Postretirement Plans [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
2023	541
2024	468
2025	382
2026	341
2027	322
2028-2032	$ 2,054

Pensions and Other Postretirement Plans (Total Benefit/Cost) (Details 5) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Service cost	$ 32,567	$ 22,991	$ 22,656
Special separation benefit expense			13,781
Defined Benefit Plan, Amounts Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Abstract]
Current year actuarial gain (loss)	727,097	(519,595)	(365,164)
Current year prior service cost	0	2	69
Amortization of prior service credit (cost)	(2,864)	(3,170)	(2,680)
Recognized net actuarial gain (loss)	70,833	5,486	(1,219)
Curtailments and settlements	0	120	0
Total Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Before Tax Effects)	795,066	(517,157)	(368,994)
Pension Plans [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Service cost	32,567	22,991	22,656
Interest cost	30,504	26,917	32,587
Expected return on assets	(167,485)	(137,878)	(113,427)
Amortization of prior service cost (credit)	2,835	2,846	2,830
Recognized actuarial loss (gain)	(68,656)	(7,906)	0
Net Periodic Cost (Benefit) for the Year	(170,235)	(93,030)	(55,354)
Special separation benefit expense	3,624	1,132	13,781
Total Cost (Benefit) for the Year	(166,611)	(91,898)	(41,573)
Defined Benefit Plan, Amounts Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Abstract]
Current year actuarial gain (loss)	749,258	(511,373)	(371,621)
Current year prior service cost	0	2	69
Amortization of prior service credit (cost)	(2,835)	(2,846)	(2,830)
Recognized net actuarial gain (loss)	68,656	7,906	0
Total Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Before Tax Effects)	815,079	(506,311)	(374,382)
Total Recognized in Total (Benefit) Cost and Other Comprehensive Income (Before Tax Effects)	648,468	(598,209)	(415,955)
Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (SERP) [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Service cost	911	1,022	954
Interest cost	3,289	2,943	3,678
Amortization of prior service cost (credit)	36	331	331
Recognized actuarial loss (gain)	666	5,930	5,267
Total Cost (Benefit) for the Year	4,902	10,226	10,230
Defined Benefit Plan, Amounts Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Abstract]
Current year actuarial gain (loss)	(20,956)	(7,640)	7,448
Amortization of prior service credit (cost)	(36)	(331)	(331)
Recognized net actuarial gain (loss)	(666)	(5,930)	(5,267)
Total Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Before Tax Effects)	(21,658)	(13,901)	1,850
Total Recognized in Total (Benefit) Cost and Other Comprehensive Income (Before Tax Effects)	(16,756)	(3,675)	12,080
Other Postretirement Plans [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Interest cost	98	92	167
Amortization of prior service cost (credit)	(7)	(7)	(481)
Recognized actuarial loss (gain)	(2,843)	(3,510)	(4,048)
Net Periodic Cost (Benefit) for the Year	(2,752)	(3,425)	(4,362)
Settlement	0	(120)	0
Total Cost (Benefit) for the Year	(2,752)	(3,545)	(4,362)
Defined Benefit Plan, Amounts Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Abstract]
Current year actuarial gain (loss)	(1,205)	(582)	(991)
Amortization of prior service credit (cost)	7	7	481
Recognized net actuarial gain (loss)	2,843	3,510	4,048
Curtailments and settlements	0	120	0
Total Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Before Tax Effects)	1,645	3,055	3,538
Total Recognized in Total (Benefit) Cost and Other Comprehensive Income (Before Tax Effects)	$ (1,107)	$ (490)	$ (824)

Pensions and Other Postretirement Plans (Key Assumptions - Cost) (Details 6) - Periodic Cost [Member]	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Pension Plans [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Discount rate (percent)	2.90%	2.50%	3.30%
Expected return on plan assets (percent)	6.25%	6.25%	6.25%
Cash balance interest crediting rate	1.41%	1.41%	2.77%
Ultimate cash balance interest crediting rate	2.90%	2.50%	3.30%
Year that reaches ultimate cash balance interest crediting rate	2024	2023	2022
Pension Plans [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Rate of compensation increase (percent)	1.00%	1.00%	1.00%
Pension Plans [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Rate of compensation increase (percent)	5.00%	5.00%	5.00%
Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (SERP) [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Discount rate (percent)	2.90%	2.50%	3.30%
Expected return on plan assets (percent)	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Cash balance interest crediting rate	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (SERP) [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Rate of compensation increase (percent)	1.00%	1.00%	1.00%
Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (SERP) [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Rate of compensation increase (percent)	5.00%	5.00%	5.00%

Pensions and Other Postretirement Plans (Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income) (Details 7) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net amount	$ (388,591)	$ (979,157)
Pension Plans [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Unrecognized actuarial (gain) loss	(524,709)	(1,342,623)
Unrecognized prior service cost	1,676	4,511
Gross amount	(523,033)	(1,338,112)
Deferred tax liability (asset)	145,430	355,078
Net amount	(377,603)	(983,034)
Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (SERP) [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Unrecognized actuarial (gain) loss	(2,511)	19,111
Unrecognized prior service cost	0	36
Gross amount	(2,511)	19,147
Deferred tax liability (asset)	230	(5,340)
Net amount	(2,281)	13,807
Other Postretirement Plans [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Unrecognized actuarial (gain) loss	(12,004)	(13,642)
Unrecognized prior service cost	(5)	(12)
Gross amount	(12,009)	(13,654)
Deferred tax liability (asset)	3,302	3,724
Net amount	$ (8,707)	$ (9,930)

Pensions and Other Postretirement Plans (Asset Allocation) (Details 8) - Pension Plans [Member]	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined Benefit Plan Assets Allocation (Percent)	100.00%	100.00%
U.S. equities [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined Benefit Plan Assets Allocation (Percent)	59.00%	61.00%
Private investment fund [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined Benefit Plan Assets Allocation (Percent)	16.00%	17.00%
International equities [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined Benefit Plan Assets Allocation (Percent)	11.00%	9.00%
U.S. stock index fund [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined Benefit Plan Assets Allocation (Percent)	7.00%	9.00%
U.S. fixed income [Member]
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Defined Benefit Plan Assets Allocation (Percent)	7.00%	4.00%

Pensions and Other Postretirement Plans (Fair Value of Pension Plan Assets) (Details 9) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands

Dec. 31, 2022

Dec. 31, 2021

Dec. 31, 2020

Pension Plan [Member]

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Fair Value

$ 2,528,344

$ 3,394,823

$ 2,803,422

Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member]

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Fair Value

2,528,344

3,394,823

Total investments [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member]

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Fair Value

1,780,461

2,370,951

Cash Equivalents [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member]

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Fair Value

1,980

2,159

U.S. equities [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member]

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Fair Value

^[1]

1,507,609

2,067,152

International equities [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member]

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Fair Value

^[2]

$ 270,872

$ 301,640

Short-term investment funds [Member]

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Fair Value by Hierarchy and NAV [Extensible Enumeration]

Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share [Member]

Short-term investment funds [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member]

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Fair Value

^[3]

$ 170,062

$ 145,683

Private investment fund [Member]

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Fair Value by Hierarchy and NAV [Extensible Enumeration]

Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share [Member]

Private investment fund [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member]

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Fair Value

^[4]

$ 406,600

$ 573,970

U.S. stock index fund [Member]

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Defined Benefit Plan, Plan Assets, Fair Value by Hierarchy and NAV [Extensible Enumeration]

Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share [Member]

U.S. stock index fund [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member]

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Fair Value

^[5]

$ 168,532

$ 302,478

Receivables for settlement of investments purchased, net [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member]

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Fair Value

2,689

1,741

Level 1 [Member] | Total investments [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member]

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Fair Value

1,780,461

2,370,951

Level 1 [Member] | Cash Equivalents [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member]

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Fair Value

1,980

2,159

Level 1 [Member] | U.S. equities [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member]

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Fair Value

^[1]

1,507,609

2,067,152

Level 1 [Member] | International equities [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member]

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Fair Value

^[2]

270,872

301,640

Level 2 [Member] | Total investments [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member]

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Fair Value

Level 2 [Member] | Cash Equivalents [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member]

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Fair Value

Level 2 [Member] | U.S. equities [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member]

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Fair Value

^[1]

Level 2 [Member] | International equities [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member]

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Fair Value

^[2]

Level 3 [Member] | Total investments [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member]

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Fair Value

Level 3 [Member] | Cash Equivalents [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member]

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Fair Value

Level 3 [Member] | U.S. equities [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member]

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Fair Value

^[1]

Level 3 [Member] | International equities [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member]

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Fair Value

^[2]

Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share [Member] | Short-term investment funds [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member]

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Unfunded Commitment

Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share [Member] | Private investment fund [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member]

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Unfunded Commitment

20,673

26,088

Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share [Member] | U.S. stock index fund [Member] | Pension Plan [Member] | Fair Value, Recurring [Member]

Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]

Unfunded Commitment

$ 0

[1]	U.S. equities. These investments are held in common and preferred stock of U.S. corporations and American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) traded on U.S. exchanges. Common and preferred shares and ADRs are traded actively on exchanges, and price quotes for these shares are readily available. These investments are classified as Level 1 in the valuation hierarchy.
[2]	International equities. These investments are held in common and preferred stock issued by non-U.S. corporations. Common and preferred shares are traded actively on exchanges, and price quotes for these shares are readily available. These investments are classified as Level 1 in the valuation hierarchy.
[3]	Short-term investment funds. These investments include commingled funds that are primarily held in U.S. Treasury securities. The funds are valued using the net asset value (NAV) provided by the administrator of the funds and reviewed by the Company.
[4]	Private investment funds. This category includes a commingled fund and a private investment fund. The commingled fund invests in a diversified mix of publicly traded securities (U.S. and international stocks) and private companies. The private investment fund invests in non-public companies. The funds are valued using the NAV provided by the administrator of the funds and reviewed by the Company. The NAV is based on the value of the underlying assets owned by the fund, minus liabilities and divided by the number of units outstanding.
[5]	U.S. stock index fund. This fund consists of investments held in common stock, plus an uninvested cash portion comprising less than 1% of fund value, that together are designed to track the performance of the S&P 500 Index. The fund is valued using the NAV provided by the administrator of the fund and reviewed by the Company. The NAV is based on the value of the underlying assets owned by the fund, minus liabilities and divided by the number of units outstanding.

Other Non-Operating Income (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended			12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2020	Jun. 30, 2020	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Schedule of Non-Operating Income [Line Items]
Net gain on sale of businesses				$ 22,679	$ 3,789	$ 213,302
Gain on acquiring a controlling interest in an equity affiliate				0	0	3,708
Framebridge [Member]
Schedule of Non-Operating Income [Line Items]
Gain on acquiring a controlling interest in an equity affiliate			$ 3,700
Megaphone [Member]
Schedule of Non-Operating Income [Line Items]
Net gain on sale of businesses		$ 209,800
CyberVista [Member]
Schedule of Non-Operating Income [Line Items]
Net gain on sale of businesses	$ 18,400
Education [Member] \| Higher Education [Member] \| Kaplan University Transaction [Member]
Schedule of Non-Operating Income [Line Items]
Gain related to contingent consideration				$ 4,300	$ 3,900	$ 3,500

Other Non-Operating Income (Details 1) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Other Nonoperating Income (Expense) [Abstract]
Net gain on sale of businesses	$ 22,679	$ 3,789	$ 213,302
Net gain on cost method investments	6,883	11,756	4,209
Gain on sale of cost method investments	3,294	9,355	1,039
Foreign currency loss, net	(2,023)	(179)	(2,153)
Impairment cost method investments	(1,305)	0	(7,327)
Gain on acquiring a controlling interest in an equity affiliate	0	0	3,708
Gain on sale of investment in affiliates	604	0	1,370
Other, net	3,368	7,833	386
Total Other Non-Operating Income	$ 33,500	$ 32,554	$ 214,534

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Components of OCI) (Details 1) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Dec. 31, 2021

Dec. 31, 2020

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Before Tax

$ (838,641)

$ 501,454

$ 399,354

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Income Tax

203,404

(133,380)

(99,335)

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax

(635,237)

368,074

300,019

Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment [Member]

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), before Reclassifications, Net of Tax

(48,340)

(16,052)

Reclassification from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Current Period, Net of Tax

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Before Tax

(48,340)

(16,052)

31,642

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Income Tax

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax

(48,340)

(16,052)

31,642

Pension and Other Postretirement Plans [Member]

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), before Reclassifications, Net of Tax

(540,079)

385,679

Reclassification from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Current Period, before Tax

(67,969)

(2,436)

3,899

Reclassification from AOCI, Current Period, Tax

17,482

627

(1,053)

Reclassification from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Current Period, Net of Tax

(50,487)

(1,809)

2,846

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Before Tax

(795,066)

517,157

368,994

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Income Tax

204,500

(133,287)

(99,628)

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax

(590,566)

383,870

269,366

Net Actuarial Loss [Member]

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), before Reclassifications, before Tax

(727,097)

519,595

365,164

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) before Reclassifications, Tax

187,018

(133,915)

(98,594)

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), before Reclassifications, Net of Tax

(540,079)

385,680

266,570

Reclassification from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Current Period, before Tax

^[1]

(70,833)

(5,486)

1,219

Reclassification from AOCI, Current Period, Tax

18,219

1,414

(329)

Reclassification from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Current Period, Net of Tax

(52,614)

(4,072)

890

Net Prior Service Cost [Member]

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), before Reclassifications, before Tax

(2)

(69)

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) before Reclassifications, Tax

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), before Reclassifications, Net of Tax

(1)

(50)

Reclassification from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Current Period, before Tax

^[1]

2,864

3,170

2,680

Reclassification from AOCI, Current Period, Tax

(737)

(817)

(724)

Reclassification from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Current Period, Net of Tax

2,127

2,353

1,956

Curtailments and settlements Included in Net Income [Member]

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]

Reclassification from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Current Period, before Tax

^[1]

(120)

Reclassification from AOCI, Current Period, Tax

Reclassification from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Current Period, Net of Tax

(90)

Cash Flow Hedges

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Line Items]

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), before Reclassifications, Net of Tax

3,276

(375)

Reclassification from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, Current Period, Net of Tax

393

631

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Before Tax

4,765

349

(1,282)

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Income Tax

(1,096)

(93)

293

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax

$ 3,669

$ 256

$ (989)

[1]	These accumulated other comprehensive income components are included in the computation of net periodic pension and postretirement plan cost (see Note 15) and are included in non-operating pension and postretirement benefit income in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (AOCI balances) (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
As of	$ 4,411,669	$ 3,766,393	$ 3,326,796
Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income, Net of Tax	(635,237)	368,074	300,019
As of	3,752,661	4,411,669	3,766,393
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest [Member]
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
As of	971,388	603,314
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications	(585,143)	369,252
Net amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	(50,094)	(1,178)
Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income, Net of Tax	(635,237)	368,074
As of	336,151	971,388	603,314
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments [Member]
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
As of	(6,298)	9,754
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications	(48,340)	(16,052)
Net amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	0	0
Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income, Net of Tax	(48,340)	(16,052)	31,642
As of	(54,638)	(6,298)	9,754
Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Pensions and Other Postretirement Plans [Member]
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
As of	979,157	595,287
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications	(540,079)	385,679
Net amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	(50,487)	(1,809)	2,846
Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income, Net of Tax	(590,566)	383,870	269,366
As of	388,591	979,157	595,287
Cash Flow Hedges
AOCI Including Portion Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
As of	(1,471)	(1,727)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications	3,276	(375)
Net amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	393	631
Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income, Net of Tax	3,669	256	(989)
As of	$ 2,198	$ (1,471)	$ (1,727)

- Definition

Amount after tax and reclassification adjustments of other comprehensive income (loss).

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 220
-SubTopic 10
-Section 45
-Paragraph 1A
-Subparagraph (b)
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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 220
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124431353&loc=SL124442407-227067

Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 505
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Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 830
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-Section 45
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=118261656&loc=d3e32136-110900

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 220
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-Section S99
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-Subparagraph (SX 210.5-03(21))
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Reference 6: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
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Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
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Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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+ Details

- Definition

Amount of stockholders' equity (deficit), net of receivables from officers, directors, owners, and affiliates of the entity, attributable to both the parent and noncontrolling interests. Amount excludes temporary equity. Alternate caption for the concept is permanent equity.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 250
-SubTopic 10
-Section 45
-Paragraph 24
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=124436220&loc=d3e21930-107793

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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+ Details

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Reclassifications out of AOCI) (Details 3) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Dec. 31, 2021

Dec. 31, 2020

Reclassification Adjustment Out Of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]

Other income, net

$ (33,500)

$ (32,554)

$ (214,534)

Interest expense

54,403

33,943

38,310

Provision for Income Taxes

51,300

96,300

107,300

Net of Tax

(70,434)

(353,327)

(299,968)

Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Member]

Reclassification Adjustment Out Of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]

Net of Tax

(50,094)

(1,178)

3,333

Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments [Member]

Reclassification Adjustment Out Of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]

Reclassifications, net of tax

Pension and Other Postretirement Plans [Member]

Reclassification Adjustment Out Of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]

Reclassifications, before tax

(67,969)

(2,436)

3,899

Provision for income taxes

17,482

627

(1,053)

Reclassifications, net of tax

(50,487)

(1,809)

2,846

Net Actuarial Loss [Member]

Reclassification Adjustment Out Of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]

Reclassifications, before tax

^[1]

(70,833)

(5,486)

1,219

Provision for income taxes

18,219

1,414

(329)

Reclassifications, net of tax

(52,614)

(4,072)

890

Net Prior Service Cost [Member]

Reclassification Adjustment Out Of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]

Reclassifications, before tax

^[1]

2,864

3,170

2,680

Provision for income taxes

(737)

(817)

(724)

Reclassifications, net of tax

2,127

2,353

1,956

Curtailment (Gains) Losses Included in Net Income [Member]

Reclassification Adjustment Out Of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]

Reclassifications, before tax

^[1]

(120)

Provision for income taxes

Reclassifications, net of tax

(90)

Cash Flow Hedges

Reclassification Adjustment Out Of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]

Reclassifications, net of tax

393

631

Cash Flow Hedges | Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Member]

Reclassification Adjustment Out Of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income [Line Items]

Interest expense

393

631

474

Provision for Income Taxes

Net of Tax

$ 393

$ 631

$ 487

[1]	These accumulated other comprehensive income components are included in the computation of net periodic pension and postretirement plan cost (see Note 15) and are included in non-operating pension and postretirement benefit income in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Contingencies and Other Commitments (Details) $ in Millions			1 Months Ended			12 Months Ended
Contingencies and Other Commitments (Details) $ in Millions	Aug. 23, 2021 program	May 06, 2021 claim	Nov. 30, 2021 program	Jul. 31, 2021 USD ($) investment	Jun. 30, 2021 program	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) claim
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Number of existing legal claims or proceedings that are likely to have a material effect on the Company's business \| claim						0
Maximum [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Loss contingency, estimate of possible loss						$ 15.0
Education [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Claims received \| investment				1,449
Claims discharge loan amount				$ 35.0
Education [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Potential claims per ED \| claim		800
Education [Member] \| Kaplan Singapore [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Programs to Cease New Enrollments, Number \| program	4		23		3
Television Broadcasting [Member]
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Long-term Purchase Commitment, Amount						$ 17.3

Business Segments (Narrative) (Details) $ in Thousands		12 Months Ended
Business Segments (Narrative) (Details) $ in Thousands	Mar. 22, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) televisionStation segment automotiveDealership restaurant	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Number of reportable segments \| segment		7
Operating Revenues		$ 3,924,493	$ 3,185,974	$ 2,889,121
Clyde's Restaurant Group [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Accelerated Depreciation				5,700
Non U.S. [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating Revenues		776,000	709,000	642,000
Foreign assets		477,000	476,000
Education [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Accrued restructuring costs			1,200
Education [Member] \| UNITED KINGDOM
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating Revenues		$ 448,000	$ 404,000	$ 375,000
Television Broadcasting [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Number of television broadcast stations owned \| televisionStation		7
Automotive [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Number of dealerships \| automotiveDealership		6
Other Businesses [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Number of Restaurants \| restaurant		11
Kaplan University Transaction [Member] \| Education [Member] \| Higher Education [Member] \| Purdue University Global [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Accounts receivable		$ 90,000
Accounts receivable, noncurrent		$ 19,400
Advance Related To Kaplan University Transaction	$ 20,000

Business Segments (Restructuring Costs) (Details 1) - USD ($)
$ in Thousands

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Dec. 31, 2020

Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]

Severance

$ 6,163

Operating Lease Cost

9,942

Accelerated depreciation of property, plant and equipment

3,573

Total Restructuring Costs Included in Segment Results

^[1]

19,678

Lease right-of-use assets

$ 3,900

11,448

Property, plant and equipment

$ 2,400

2,321

Non-operating pension and postretirement benefit income, net

13,781

Total Restructuring Related Costs

47,228

Operating Segments [Member] | Education [Member]

Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]

Severance

6,163

Operating Lease Cost

9,942

Accelerated depreciation of property, plant and equipment

3,573

Total Restructuring Costs Included in Segment Results

^[1]

19,678

Lease right-of-use assets

10,043

Property, plant and equipment

2,235

Non-operating pension and postretirement benefit income, net

12,782

Total Restructuring Related Costs

44,738

Operating Segments [Member] | Education [Member] | Kaplan Corporate and Other [Member]

Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]

Severance

Operating Lease Cost

Accelerated depreciation of property, plant and equipment

Total Restructuring Costs Included in Segment Results

^[1]

Lease right-of-use assets

Property, plant and equipment

Non-operating pension and postretirement benefit income, net

883

Total Restructuring Related Costs

883

Operating Segments [Member] | Education [Member] | Kaplan International [Member] | Reportable Subsegments [Member]

Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]

Severance

4,366

Operating Lease Cost

2,905

Accelerated depreciation of property, plant and equipment

1,620

Total Restructuring Costs Included in Segment Results

^[1]

8,891

Lease right-of-use assets

3,976

Property, plant and equipment

1,248

Non-operating pension and postretirement benefit income, net

1,100

Total Restructuring Related Costs

15,215

Operating Segments [Member] | Education [Member] | Higher Education [Member] | Reportable Subsegments [Member]

Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]

Severance

Operating Lease Cost

3,451

Accelerated depreciation of property, plant and equipment

152

Total Restructuring Costs Included in Segment Results

^[1]

3,603

Lease right-of-use assets

2,062

Property, plant and equipment

174

Non-operating pension and postretirement benefit income, net

2,233

Total Restructuring Related Costs

8,072

Operating Segments [Member] | Education [Member] | Supplemental Education [Member] | Reportable Subsegments [Member]

Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]

Severance

1,797

Operating Lease Cost

3,586

Accelerated depreciation of property, plant and equipment

1,801

Total Restructuring Costs Included in Segment Results

^[1]

7,184

Lease right-of-use assets

4,005

Property, plant and equipment

813

Non-operating pension and postretirement benefit income, net

8,566

Total Restructuring Related Costs

20,568

Operating Segments [Member] | Other Businesses [Member]

Restructuring Cost and Reserve [Line Items]

Severance

Operating Lease Cost

Accelerated depreciation of property, plant and equipment

Total Restructuring Costs Included in Segment Results

^[1]

Lease right-of-use assets

1,405

Property, plant and equipment

Non-operating pension and postretirement benefit income, net

999

Total Restructuring Related Costs

$ 2,490

[1]	These amounts are included in the segments’ Income (Loss) from Operations before Amortization of Intangible Assets and Impairment of Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets.

Business Segments (Information by Operating Segment) (Details 2) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating Revenues	$ 3,924,493	$ 3,185,974	$ 2,889,121
Income (Loss) from Operations before Amortization of Intangible Assets and Impairment of Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets	271,739	168,185	187,357
Amortization of Intangible Assets and Impairment of Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets	187,841	90,810	86,950
Income (Loss) from Operations	83,898	77,375	100,407
Equity in (Losses) Earnings of Affiliates, Net	(2,837)	17,914	6,664
Interest Expense, Net	(51,177)	(30,534)	(34,439)
Non-operating pension and postretirement benefit income, net	197,939	109,230	59,315
(Loss) gain on marketable equity securities, net	(139,589)	243,088	60,787
Other income, net	33,500	32,554	214,534
Income Before Income Taxes	121,734	449,627	407,268
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment	73,297	71,415	74,257
Pension service cost	32,567	22,991	22,656
Capital Expenditures	82,402	162,769	65,874
Identifiable Assets	4,127,829	4,153,570
Marketable equity securities	609,921	809,997
Investments in Affiliates	186,419	155,444
Prepaid Pension Cost	1,658,046	2,306,514
Total Assets	6,582,215	7,425,525
Amortization of Intangible Assets	58,851	57,870	56,780
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets	128,990	32,940	30,170
Operating Segments [Member] \| Education [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating Revenues	1,427,915	1,361,245	1,305,713
Income (Loss) from Operations before Amortization of Intangible Assets and Impairment of Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets	99,103	69,892	41,056
Amortization of Intangible Assets and Impairment of Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets	16,170	19,319	29,452
Income (Loss) from Operations	82,933	50,573	11,604
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment	34,114	32,113	31,759
Pension service cost	8,934	9,357	10,024
Capital Expenditures	46,878	100,780	33,553
Identifiable Assets	1,987,042	2,026,782
Amortization of Intangible Assets	16,170	16,001	17,174
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets	0	3,318	12,278
Operating Segments [Member] \| Education [Member] \| Kaplan Corporate and Other [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating Revenues	18,752	14,759	12,643
Income (Loss) from Operations before Amortization of Intangible Assets and Impairment of Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets	(18,018)	(24,715)	(18,266)
Income (Loss) from Operations	(34,188)	(44,034)	(47,718)
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment	393	439	391
Pension service cost	708	812	1,234
Capital Expenditures	1,525	322	204
Identifiable Assets	64,677	58,248
Operating Segments [Member] \| Education [Member] \| Intersubsegment Eliminations [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating Revenues	(12,837)	(7,312)	(4,004)
Income (Loss) from Operations before Amortization of Intangible Assets and Impairment of Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets	(45)	97	5
Income (Loss) from Operations	(45)	97	5
Operating Segments [Member] \| Education [Member] \| Kaplan International [Member] \| Reportable Subsegments [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating Revenues	816,239	726,875	653,892
Income (Loss) from Operations before Amortization of Intangible Assets and Impairment of Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets	72,066	33,457	15,248
Income (Loss) from Operations	72,066	33,457	15,248
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment	23,270	21,472	19,562
Pension service cost	270	291	433
Capital Expenditures	39,206	92,532	24,085
Identifiable Assets	1,479,833	1,493,868
Operating Segments [Member] \| Education [Member] \| Higher Education [Member] \| Reportable Subsegments [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating Revenues	304,136	317,854	316,095
Income (Loss) from Operations before Amortization of Intangible Assets and Impairment of Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets	24,031	24,134	24,364
Income (Loss) from Operations	24,031	24,134	24,364
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment	4,107	3,658	3,082
Pension service cost	3,842	4,440	4,150
Capital Expenditures	1,398	3,629	3,234
Identifiable Assets	174,033	187,789
Operating Segments [Member] \| Education [Member] \| Supplemental Education [Member] \| Reportable Subsegments [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating Revenues	301,625	309,069	327,087
Income (Loss) from Operations before Amortization of Intangible Assets and Impairment of Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets	21,069	36,919	19,705
Income (Loss) from Operations	21,069	36,919	19,705
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment	6,344	6,544	8,724
Pension service cost	4,114	3,814	4,207
Capital Expenditures	4,749	4,297	6,030
Identifiable Assets	268,499	286,877
Operating Segments [Member] \| Television Broadcasting [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating Revenues	535,651	494,177	525,212
Income (Loss) from Operations before Amortization of Intangible Assets and Impairment of Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets	207,319	154,862	199,938
Amortization of Intangible Assets and Impairment of Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets	5,440	5,440	5,440
Income (Loss) from Operations	201,879	149,422	194,498
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment	12,294	14,018	13,830
Pension service cost	3,554	3,575	3,263
Capital Expenditures	5,832	6,803	13,470
Identifiable Assets	431,084	448,627
Operating Segments [Member] \| Manufacturing [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating Revenues	486,643	458,125	416,137
Income (Loss) from Operations before Amortization of Intangible Assets and Impairment of Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets	54,079	36,926	40,427
Amortization of Intangible Assets and Impairment of Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets	20,372	52,974	28,099
Income (Loss) from Operations	33,707	(16,048)	12,328
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment	9,399	9,808	10,333
Pension service cost	1,104	1,282	1,424
Capital Expenditures	7,968	7,190	8,034
Identifiable Assets	486,487	486,304
Operating Segments [Member] \| Graham Healthcare Group [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating Revenues	326,000	223,030	198,196
Income (Loss) from Operations before Amortization of Intangible Assets and Impairment of Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets	19,041	29,912	30,327
Amortization of Intangible Assets and Impairment of Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets	3,776	3,106	4,220
Income (Loss) from Operations	15,265	26,806	26,107
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment	3,781	1,313	1,665
Pension service cost	11,008	561	543
Capital Expenditures	2,745	3,671	2,481
Identifiable Assets	249,845	194,823
Operating Segments [Member] \| Automotive [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating Revenues	734,185	327,069	258,144
Income (Loss) from Operations before Amortization of Intangible Assets and Impairment of Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets	34,633	11,771	502
Amortization of Intangible Assets and Impairment of Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets	0	0	6,698
Income (Loss) from Operations	34,633	11,771	(6,196)
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment	3,709	2,156	2,017
Pension service cost	22	0	0
Capital Expenditures	3,606	31,124	3,181
Identifiable Assets	427,221	238,200
Operating Segments [Member] \| Other Businesses [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating Revenues	416,084	324,353	187,347
Income (Loss) from Operations before Amortization of Intangible Assets and Impairment of Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets	(86,270)	(76,153)	(72,915)
Amortization of Intangible Assets and Impairment of Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets	142,083	9,971	13,041
Income (Loss) from Operations	(228,353)	(86,124)	(85,956)
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment	9,392	11,376	13,947
Pension service cost	2,073	1,755	1,698
Capital Expenditures	15,352	13,176	5,075
Identifiable Assets	475,583	689,872
Corporate office [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating Revenues	0	0	0
Income (Loss) from Operations before Amortization of Intangible Assets and Impairment of Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets	(56,166)	(59,025)	(51,978)
Amortization of Intangible Assets and Impairment of Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Assets	0	0	0
Income (Loss) from Operations	(56,166)	(59,025)	(51,978)
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment	608	631	706
Pension service cost	5,872	6,461	5,704
Capital Expenditures	21	25	80
Identifiable Assets	70,567	68,962
Intersegment Elimination [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating Revenues	$ (1,985)	$ (2,025)	$ (1,628)